Esteban Sotelos Neutralization Theory

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Esteban Sotelos Neutralization Theory



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Sykes and Matza's Neutralization Theory

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With all of these movements came protests. Social control shifted the focus from criminals to political activists. Protestors were arrested and even physically battered, the police were treating them like they were hard criminals. He also states that deviance is caused by desperation or the feeling of having no control. Those protestors felt they had no choice but to express opposition towards certain ideas, otherwise where will all of the governmental controls end.

Matza believes that there is a sub-culture of delinquency, which requires a collective and public effort. These hippies felt that there is no victim, the government does not need nor deserve people to fight in a war, which is unjust. Also drug use does not hurt anyone and neither does promiscuous sex not considered criminal but immoral. They also felt that the government deserved being protested against because of all the injustices it had imposed on people, which demonstrates the condemnation of the condemners technique.

With the beginning of the 60's he states that deviance is supported by excitement, risk taking and adventure. The protests of civil rights and of the Vietnam War gave the generation most affected the chance to act unconventional. Matza also stated that delinquents would drift between criminal and conventional behavior, which explains why not all teenagers were involved. He has also stated that those who were likely to drift are not as likely to commit crimes as adults. The theorist Travis Herschi does not feel that neutralization techniques are relevant towards describing juvenile delinquency.

Herschi believes that deviant behavior is a result of conformity, or lack there of, towards societal norms. Douglas states that the deviant person must learn certain strategies of self-deception and seduction Pfohl, Michael Hindelang, in his study on rural and urban youths, found no support for neutralization. He concluded that juveniles who have committed a crime were more likely to accept the behavior as opposed to those not involved in delinquency. This finding crossed the lines of gender, rural versus urban juveniles and even across several different deviant behaviors Shoemaker, As with every learning theory, the question is always posed - who did the first criminal learn deviant behavior from.

Also, it never specifies why or how the neutralization technique process begins. Even though the theory has its weaknesses, several theorists have used it as a basis for further study and alteration towards juvenile behavior, which Sykes and Matza encouraged. Glen Elder provided specific terms such as trajectories and transitions, which helped further the study on the concept of drift. He compared the transitions specific sequence of events based on age of juveniles with trajectories pathways of life; example, marriage. Elder stated that certain juvenile subcultures reflect transitional cultural experiences which will effect long-term life trajectories for drifting juveniles. He stated that delinquents, focusing on a cult of juveniles obsessed with a British rock star, are torn between criminal and conventional behavior and that most of their beliefs mirror that of the adult law-abiding community.

More recently, Minor , , and delved further into neutralization with his three studies, as did Thurman and Agnew with violent criminals. Henry Mannle, a student from Florida State University, formed his dissertation around neutralization techniques and how they are applied towards juveniles in Florida. He hypothesized that girls would use techniques more so than boys do. He further found that males and females did not differ in their use of neutralization even though males scored higher on the deviant scale. He also ascertained that when looking at racial factors, black males and females used these techniques more often than white males and females. The study suggested that delinquents seek acceptance from society which results in them using neutralization techniques to rationalize their acts.

They also concluded that the effect of neutralization has the strongest effect towards delinquency. When looking at females, neutralization was less effective of a justification as opposed to males. Neutralization was also found to be more viable towards Anglo-males than for either females or Mexican Americans. Mitchell and Dodder in an earlier study looked at the uses of certain neutralization towards different types of delinquency. Barbara Costello studied the effects of self-esteem and the use of neutralization techniques; which was a comparison of the control theory versus neutralization theory.

Costello also concluded that those juveniles who are close to their parents are less likely to use any techniques. She found that strongly attached delinquents find it difficult to effectively use these techniques, because they may not be able to accept that they are valid excesses. Costello, however, did note that further studies should be done on the accessibility of the different techniques to certain youths. A study by John Hagan focused not on neutralization, but on the concepts related to subterranean values and drift. Hindelang also studied drift theory when related to their feelings of obligation towards the criminal act.

He concluded that delinquents have no moral barriers that would prove neutralization techniques were necessary. James Coleman helped explain how those involved in white-collar crime justified their criminal acts utilizing techniques of neutralization. The denial of responsibility is used when those involved in the criminal behavior states that their employer expects them to.

Further studies, which looked at neutralization techniques, focused not on juvenile delinquency, but on adult criminality. Using the denial of responsibility, blame is transferred away from the pregnant woman to the lack of available birth control or the cost of raising an unwanted child. The doctor and nurse may also use this technique to justify performing the abortion illegally.

Scientific advances have helped to develop the denial of victim rationalization by depersonalizing the unborn fetus, stating that it is not a viable human life. Using the denial of injury rationalization the fetus is said not to posses the ability of consciousness, that consciousness only occurs after birth. Its longevity has been proven with theorists still using is as a basis for research even in this millennium. Agnew, Robert. The Techniques of Neutralization and Violence. Coleman, James William Toward an Integrated Theory of White-collar Crime. American Journal of Sociology. Costello, Barbara Deviant Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal.

Hagan, John. American Sociological Review. Hindelang, Michael J. Social Problems. Criminological Thought: Pioneer Past and Present. New York: Macmillen Publishing Company. Matza , David and Sykes, Gresham. Juvenile Delinquency and Subterranean Values. Matza , David Delinquency and Drift. Becoming Deviant. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. McCorkle, Lloyd and Korn, Richard.

Resocialization Within Walls. Minor, William W. The Neutralization of Criminal Offense. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. This social movement has been very effective in addressing the social problem or racism and police brutality. They discriminate and try to run the organization down and out. If the police or FBI want a stop to things, they will do whatever is possible to end it, including illegal behavior. Concealed handguns can make a thief or mugger flee if you use it for self defence. Should concealed handguns be permitted because they can help bring crime. So concealed handguns should be allowed because they could benefit law abiding citizens. Did you know concealed handguns can deter crime?

Murders are brought down thanks to concealed handguns by 8. The reason why murders are brought down by that percent,is because crime is deterred by concealed handguns because most of the time a murderer would use a knife, a pipe, a hammer, or even their own car. It is also important for the media to note that crime is everywhere and it is unfair to view Anonymous Community as one fool of criminals. By taking the time to analyze the community, the media will realize that the members of the community are not ignorant of crimes since they also fall victims to the.

Introduction You asked that I examine the investigative tool, criminal behavioral analysis, its racial misuse and controversial issues and whether it still has the ability to solve critical crimes using the method. Criminal profiling has always been a means of solving or assisting a crime and trying to prevent it from happening again. It helps narrow down the investigation down by pointing out certain behavioral characteristics of the kind of person who most likely committed the crime. Criminal profiling is an effective tool for law enforcement but has been used in a harsh and inconsiderate way. The officer was forced to react..

The media loves to exploit any story where they can throw the race card and this case is a huge example of this. When a police officer sees a person who fits the description of a criminal it is his job to address the issue, and that is what officer Darren Wilson did. Wilson did not shoot Brown because he was black, but because he was dealing with a criminal who was posing a threat to his life. While races came together for prayer in Dallas, protests in other places lead to violence.

Many races are coming together to help put light on the situation, but there are still some that believe in the violent approaches. The wrong lesson to take out of this is to believe Black Lives Matter without thinking that blue lives matter, too. Racial profiling is a positive thing. Racial profiling is a practice used by law enforcement officials to target individuals and groups of people who are suspicious of crimes based on their ethnicity.

Racial profiling should be allowed for the police to use because it is easier for them to track down criminals, to prevent crimes from happening and to create a safer place. Racial profiling should be allowed for the police to use because it is easier to prevent crimes from happening. Judging someone based on the way they look is never good but in this case it is because a suspicious looking black man could be taken in by the police for questioning on gang violence and that would help prevent some crimes. All nineteen hijackers were …show more content… Racial profiling suspicious people of specific ethnicities will create a safer place because if the police were to arrest these people then the crime rates will drop, creating a safer place.

If the police were to use racial profiling as a major part to justify if a person was guilty of a crime, that would create a safer environment. Racial profiling should be allowed for the police to use because it is easier for them to track down criminals. If a criminals was on the run and they were of a specific ethnicity then it would help the police to use racial profiling on all people of that ethnicity. Using racial profiling to track down criminals is very helpful because it narrows down the search for criminals and it would take less time.

By using racial profiling to track down criminals it would improve the system that the police use for tracking down. Show More. The Destruction Of Racial Profiling In Society Words 5 Pages It is essential to use racial profiling when looking for possible suspects especially in the police department. Read More. Police Brutality Research Paper Words 4 Pages Police brutality must be stopped so that police do not forget who they are serving not themselves, but the public. Essay On Broken Windows Theory Words 3 Pages The broken windows theory is a good-fighting crime strategy and suggested the way in thinking about the community.

Racial Profiling Pros And Cons Words 4 Pages Racial profiling also is unethical and can raise racial tensions, it is unethical because it targets specific groups, while this may help narrow down a suspect pool, it also can target people who have committed no crime at all. Crime And Punishment In The Elizabethan Era Words 5 Pages However, the severity of punishments and the methods used by the law were beneficial and practical and they helped to reduce the amount of crime in England.