Pros And Cons Of Being A HVAC Technician
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HVAC Technician Starting Salary and Average Salary
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You could say that brazing and soldering are literally what brought us out of the Stone Age 5, years ago when man started to develop metal tools and weapons. Brazing and soldering correctly is one of the things that separate the men from the boys and the girls from the women in the HVAC world. These tasks are fundamental, bread and butter to HVAC work. Joining two metals together by melting a third filler metal between them; the two metals being joined do not melt. Mechanically this is the same process as soldering. Because of the higher temperatures a brazed joint is stronger than a soldered joint.
In this process two metals are joined by melting them together. Of these three methods welding involves the hottest temperatures and welded joints are the strongest. Keep this in mind as you move from soldering to brazing to welding: as the heat required for melting increases the strength of the joint also increases. The cost of materials also increases as you move from soldering to welding, but this is secondary to the minimum strength and temperature requirements for the job at hand. So if welding is the strongest way to join two metals, why not use it all the time? A brazed joint will always be sufficiently strong. In many situations a soldered joint will be strong enough for what you need. When choosing to solder or braze there are also temperature considerations.
In terms of torches, there are two main types: the cheap kind and the more expensive kind. The cheap kind is a MAPP gas or propane torch that uses a one-time-use ounce tank you can buy at any hardware store, and is also referred to as a turbo torch. The more expensive kind is more bulky and involves two tanks of compressed gas: oxygen and acetylene. If you find a brand that you like but your local HVAC place does not carry it, you can go DIY and still get the specific product that you want. Especially for homeowners who are unfamiliar with working on their home and its electrical systems, it can be challenging to navigate the permit system for a new AC unit. Most areas require permits for both the units themselves and any housings or platforms you need to install to put them in.
You also must have the same certification card to purchase additional refrigerant for a new unit that may be improperly charged. The easiest place to find a central air conditioning unit to buy is by going online. Photo by falco Licensed under CC0. At this point, you need to decide where to install it, start the assembly process, and add refrigerant. Here are the next steps. But there are two choices when installing your new system. You can either pour a concrete pad to place it on, or you can install the unit on the roof.
Wherever you choose to place the system, the location needs to have adequate airflow, be out of the way so as not to create excess noise but also be accessible for maintenance, and allow the unit to be positioned and connected properly. Checking the ductwork can involve going in the crawl space under your home or even removing flooring to verify that everything is connected properly. If you already have an existing AC unit that you want to replace, there are some unique considerations. First, you need to recover any remaining refrigerant from your old unit. To do this, you must have an EPA refrigerant handling certification or find someone who does to safely remove the old material. Of course, if you purchase a new unit that already has refrigerant, you may not need to buy more.
Over time, your new AC unit will require regular upkeep and even some repairs. You should replace or clean your air filters often, check the evaporator coil yearly and clean it as needed , cleaning debris from the system, and check for refrigerant leaks. Other common issues that can arise with AC units include thermostat issues, drainage problems, clogged filters, and low or leaking refrigerant. You may also have indoor components to install, depending on the configuration of the AC unit and if you choose to upgrade ductwork or the thermostat. While this guide is a bit vague for most DIYers, your new air conditioning unit will come with both an installation manual and diagrams which note where and which pieces to connect.
However, some electrical and general HVAC knowledge is helpful for ensuring the installation goes as planned. It can be via operable windows, louvers, or trickle vents when spaces are small and the architecture permits. In more complex schemes, warm air is allowed to rise and flow out high building openings to the outside stack effect , causing cool outside air to be drawn into low building openings. Natural ventilation schemes can use very little energy, but care must be taken to ensure comfort. In warm or humid climates, maintaining thermal comfort solely via natural ventilation might not be possible. Air conditioning systems are used, either as backups or supplements. Air-side economizers also use outside air to condition spaces, but do so using fans, ducts, dampers, and control systems to introduce and distribute cool outdoor air when appropriate.
An important component of natural ventilation is air change rate or air changes per hour : the hourly rate of ventilation divided by the volume of the space. For example, six air changes per hour means an amount of new air, equal to the volume of the space, is added every ten minutes. For human comfort, a minimum of four air changes per hour is typical, though warehouses might have only two. Too high of an air change rate may be uncomfortable, akin to a wind tunnel which have thousands of changes per hour. The highest air change rates are for crowded spaces, bars, night clubs, commercial kitchens at around 30 to 50 air changes per hour. Room pressure can be either positive or negative with respect to outside the room. Positive pressure occurs when there is more air being supplied than exhausted, and is common to reduce the infiltration of outside contaminants.
Natural ventilation [21] is a key factor in reducing the spread of airborne illnesses such as tuberculosis, the common cold, influenza, meningitis or COVID Opening doors and windows are good ways to maximize natural ventilation, which would make the risk of airborne contagion much lower than with costly and maintenance-requiring mechanical systems. Old-fashioned clinical areas with high ceilings and large windows provide greatest protection.
Natural ventilation costs little and is maintenance free, and is particularly suited to limited-resource settings and tropical climates, where the burden of TB and institutional TB transmission is highest. In settings where respiratory isolation is difficult and climate permits, windows and doors should be opened to reduce the risk of airborne contagion. Natural ventilation requires little maintenance and is inexpensive. Air conditioned buildings often have sealed windows, because open windows would work against the system intended to maintain constant indoor air conditions. Outside, fresh air is generally drawn into the system by a vent into a mix air chamber for mixing with the space return air.
Then the mixture air enters an indoor or outdoor heat exchanger section where the air is to be cooled down, then be guided to the space creating positive air pressure. The percentage of return air made up of fresh air can usually be manipulated by adjusting the opening of this vent. Air conditioning and refrigeration are provided through the removal of heat. Heat can be removed through radiation , convection, or conduction. The heat transfer medium is a refrigeration system, such as water, air, ice, and chemicals are referred to as refrigerants. A refrigerant is employed either in a heat pump system in which a compressor is used to drive thermodynamic refrigeration cycle , or in a free cooling system which uses pumps to circulate a cool refrigerant typically water or a glycol mix.
It is imperative that the air conditioning horsepower is sufficient for the area being cooled. Underpowered air conditioning system will lead to power wastage and inefficient usage. Adequate horsepower is required for any air conditioner installed. The refrigeration cycle uses four essential elements to cool, which are compressor, condenser, metering device and evaporator. In variable climates, the system may include a reversing valve that switches from heating in winter to cooling in summer. By reversing the flow of refrigerant, the heat pump refrigeration cycle is changed from cooling to heating or vice versa.
This allows a facility to be heated and cooled by a single piece of equipment by the same means, and with the same hardware. Free cooling systems can have very high efficiencies, and are sometimes combined with seasonal thermal energy storage so that the cold of winter can be used for summer air conditioning. Common storage mediums are deep aquifers or a natural underground rock mass accessed via a cluster of small-diameter, heat-exchanger-equipped boreholes.
Some systems with small storages are hybrids, using free cooling early in the cooling season, and later employing a heat pump to chill the circulation coming from the storage. The heat pump is added-in because the storage acts as a heat sink when the system is in cooling as opposed to charging mode, causing the temperature to gradually increase during the cooling season. Some systems include an "economizer mode", which is sometimes called a "free-cooling mode". When economizing, the control system will open fully or partially the outside air damper and close fully or partially the return air damper.
This will cause fresh, outside air to be supplied to the system. When the outside air is cooler than the demanded cool air, this will allow the demand to be met without using the mechanical supply of cooling typically chilled water or a direct expansion "DX" unit , thus saving energy. The control system can compare the temperature of the outside air vs. In both cases, the outside air must be less energetic than the return air for the system to enter the economizer mode. Outside of North America, packaged systems are only used in limited applications involving large indoor space such as stadiums, theatres or exhibition halls. An alternative to packaged systems is the use of separate indoor and outdoor coils in split systems.
Split systems are preferred and widely used worldwide except in North America. In North America, split systems are most often seen in residential applications, but they are gaining popularity in small commercial buildings. Split systems are used where ductwork is not feasible or where the space conditioning efficiency is of prime concern. With the split system, the evaporator coil is connected to a remote condenser unit using refrigerant piping between an indoor and outdoor unit instead of ducting air directly from the outdoor unit. Indoor units with directional vents mount onto walls, suspended from ceilings, or fit into the ceiling.
Other indoor units mount inside the ceiling cavity, so that short lengths of duct handle air from the indoor unit to vents or diffusers around the rooms. Split systems are more efficient and the footprint is typically smaller than the package systems. On the other hand, package systems tend to have slightly lower indoor noise level compared to split system since the fan motor is located outside. Dehumidification air drying in an air conditioning system is provided by the evaporator. Since the evaporator operates at a temperature below the dew point , moisture in the air condenses on the evaporator coil tubes.
This moisture is collected at the bottom of the evaporator in a pan and removed by piping to a central drain or onto the ground outside. A dehumidifier is an air-conditioner-like device that controls the humidity of a room or building. It is often employed in basements which have a higher relative humidity because of their lower temperature and propensity for damp floors and walls. In food retailing establishments, large open chiller cabinets are highly effective at dehumidifying the internal air. Conversely, a humidifier increases the humidity of a building. All modern air conditioning systems, even small window package units, are equipped with internal air filters. These are generally of a lightweight gauze-like material, and must be replaced or washed as conditions warrant.
For example, a building in a high dust environment, or a home with furry pets, will need to have the filters changed more often than buildings without these dirt loads. Failure to replace these filters as needed will contribute to a lower heat exchange rate, resulting in wasted energy, shortened equipment life, and higher energy bills; low air flow can result in iced-over evaporator coils, which can completely stop air flow. Additionally, very dirty or plugged filters can cause overheating during a heating cycle, and can result in damage to the system or even fire. Because an air conditioner moves heat between the indoor coil and the outdoor coil, both must be kept clean.
This means that, in addition to replacing the air filter at the evaporator coil, it is also necessary to regularly clean the condenser coil. Failure to keep the condenser clean will eventually result in harm to the compressor, because the condenser coil is responsible for discharging both the indoor heat as picked up by the evaporator and the heat generated by the electric motor driving the compressor.
HVAC is significantly responsible for promoting energy efficiency of buildings as the building sector consumes the largest percentage of global energy. This was originally driven by rising energy costs, and has more recently been driven by increased awareness of environmental issues. Additionally, improvements to the HVAC system efficiency can also help increase occupant health and productivity. There are several methods for making HVAC systems more efficient. In the past, water heating was more efficient for heating buildings and was the standard in the United States. Today, forced air systems can double for air conditioning and are more popular. Some benefits of forced air systems, which are now widely used in churches, schools and high-end residences, are.
Energy efficiency can be improved even more in central heating systems by introducing zoned heating. This allows a more granular application of heat, similar to non-central heating systems. Zones are controlled by multiple thermostats. In water heating systems the thermostats control zone valves , and in forced air systems they control zone dampers inside the vents which selectively block the flow of air. In this case, the control system is very critical to maintaining a proper temperature. Forecasting is another method of controlling building heating by calculating demand for heating energy that should be supplied to the building in each time unit.
Ground source, or geothermal, heat pumps are similar to ordinary heat pumps, but instead of transferring heat to or from outside air, they rely on the stable, even temperature of the earth to provide heating and air conditioning. Many regions experience seasonal temperature extremes, which would require large-capacity heating and cooling equipment to heat or cool buildings.
