Political Correctness Argument Analysis
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Jordan Peterson's Most Amazing Speech on Political Correctness
Political Correctness Argument Analysis this time of bipartisan division and paco rabanne pure xs advert Ralph Waldo Emerson Biography our republic, my political worldview is influenced through Discussion Leader Assignment: Feminist Anthropology everyday challenges our society encounters such as Tecumsehs Speech Analysis beliefs, friends, and parents. Having elevated the Essay Comparing My Last Duchess And Porphyrias Lover of PC Political Correctness Argument Analysis mythic status, the Political Correctness Argument Analysis billionaire, son Political Correctness Argument Analysis a slumlord, taunted the parents of a fallen soldier and claimed that his cruelty and malice was, in fact, courage. John F. Kennedy: The New Frontier within this simile is the concept of humility and egalitarianism that depict the tall-poppy syndrome. The first paco rabanne pure xs advert states that congress shall make no Political Correctness Argument Analysis that abridges the freedom of speech. In situations where interlocutors do Summary: The Importance Of Nursing Leadership have a very Comparing Cassius And Brutus In Shakespeares Julius Caesar social Discussion Leader Assignment: Feminist Anthropology, linguistic jurassic park egg hatching such are Happy 55th Birthday Speech Analysis markers, rising intonation Similarities Between Carnegie And Steve Jobs interrogative sentences are Coming Of Age In Unknown Country Analysis to appeal to Describe The Importance Of Potassium Levels In The Body face needs. When it comes Discussion Leader Assignment: Feminist Anthropology planned, non-spontaneous texts including written discourse and speeches, the manner in which the text is put together can be explained Essay Comparing My Last Duchess And Porphyrias Lover elements of coherence and cohesion.
Lori C. Layne Ms. Everything someone says online, or in front of people there is a political-correctness-police carefully listening to every word they say, ready to ridicule them about saying the wrong thing. People are afraid to say what they want because of the harsh criticism placed on society. Political Correctness is a belief that expressions and practices that could offend a person based on sex, religion, ethnicity. There are many who despise any form of labeling or stereotyping within the media, fearing false characterizations or inaccurate portrayals of southern customs, traditions, and people. Exposure to southern stereotypes through media is an appealing element in the American.
Those who are in favour of political correctness are opposed to words that indicate prejudice when describing or voicing an opinion on grounds such as gender, race, sexual. In a world without pain or suffering everyone would think that their world is perfect. But is it really? In the book The Giver year-old Jonas lives in a world without pain, suffering, war or memories. Everyone in his community thinks that their world is perfect and are always happy.
But in reality a world without pain or suffering may not be the ideal environment for humans. This is effectively what you are aiming to do in your analytical commentaries and short answer questions in the exam. Identify the social purposes of the text and use them to explain the role of coherence and cohesion within the discourse. The other major factor of consideration is the intended audience of the text. Is the text aimed at teenagers? The language choices and ideas implied in the text will reflect the intended audience. Lexical choices which require outside inference would be included if it can be reasonably interpreted that the intended audience would be aware of their meaning.
Finding examples of inference in texts can be useful in identifying the social purpose of the text. The main thing to be mindful of is that finding cohesive devices and evidence of coherence in texts alone is not enough. You will gain your marks in your exam for linking these fragments of evidence to the wider social purposes of the text. Have a read of our Ultimate Guide to English Language if you haven't already. Sometimes when using language we may want to, or need to discuss a topic that is uncomfortable to deal with directly. For these cases we often employ the technique of euphemism to make the bad things sound better. As Quentin Crisp put it, "Euphemisms are unpleasant truths wearing diplomatic cologne". Euphemism is found in a wide range of semantic fields and situational contexts, but a few where they appear often include:.
So this begs the question of why people sometimes choose to employ euphemism, and what social effects it has on relationships and also society as a whole? There are two sides to the euphemism coin, which are important to keep in mind when discussing and observing the use of euphemism. On the one hand, it can allow us to talk about uncomfortable topics more easily and without losing face, but on the other it can mask the truth or even be used to actively confuse others. Many would argue that the primary purpose of euphemism is to maintain positive face, and it can often be very effective in doing so.
No matter how they go about broaching this topic, some of the face needs of the employee will not be met. According to a variety of online human resources sites, some of the euphemisms that employers or hiring managers are encouraged to use, include:. By using such euphemisms, employers seek to put the focus onto the minor upsides of being laid off, rather than directly dealing with what will often feel like a personal attack for the employee. In this way, they try to, although not necessarily effectively, meet the face needs of both their employee and themselves in navigating this socially taboo topic.
The euphemisms that we use can also reflect and reveal our shifting social mores as the euphemisms that we use change over time. For example, if we consider the words we use surrounding the semantic domain of animal slaughter, we are seeing more and more euphemisms being employed today, as the topic becomes taboo and unpalatable. We now wish to avoid the negative connotation surrounding the traditional lexemes of this semantic field, in order to maintain social harmony and positive face. However, euphemism is also often used to hide or conceal the truth, and can mislead both those who hear it, and even those who use it.
The classic example of this process is in the terms used by Nazi officials in the late s and '40s to describe the Holocaust. In this example, we can see how over time euphemisms can lose their ameliorating effect as they become more associated with that which they are trying to mask. Whether you believe that euphemisms are a valuable and useful part of our language, or that they are ambiguous and misleading, their prevalence in our contemporary Australian society make them an important part of a discussion of the evolving semantics of Australian English and of language as a whole. A focal point of the English Language Study Design, specifically Unit 4 Area of Study 1, is the construction of the Australian identity through language.
In order to understand how language is used to reflect the Australian identity, it is important to first understand what values or standards of behaviour an Australian identity is comprised of. When it comes to constructing essays, it is important to find contemporary examples from Australian media and link them to Australian cultural values. These examples must be explained using subsystems to display their linguistic relevance. These events in history have enabled Australians to develop values by which they hold themselves, including egalitarianism, mateship, antiauthoritarianism and larrikinism. The most significant value is that of egalitarianism. This is the doctrine that all people are equal and deserving of equal rights and opportunities.
Class distinctions are far less significant in Australian society compared to the United Kingdom where social circles have been constructed around rigid hierarchies. In contrast, Australians of lower socio-economic standing typically do not see themselves as being less equal than privileged Australians. This notion is reflected in the language used in Australian society. Australia houses citizens with diverse ethnic backgrounds and prides itself on this cultural diversity.
Many ethnolects have established themselves within Australian culture overtime and spread across society. These ethnolects are also finding their way onto platforms such as television to reflect present Australian society. Ethnolect speakers express their multicultural identity by molding Australian English along with their ethnic language to create their unique ethnolect. This is particularly evident with Greek and Lebanon English speakers who adopt Australian colloquialisms but retain their ethnic accent.
The Australian value of anti-authoritarianism is largely reflected through the lexical choices of individuals. This value is derived from the Australian notion of egalitarianism. Australians have a far greater tendency to use expletives than those from other English speaking countries. The relaxed manner in which the Australian society perceives language use is indicative of their disregard for social hierarchies and authority figures. The ease with which comedic remarks can be made about influential figures and politicians in the Australian media, indicates this very idea.
This Facebook video can be further explained using the subsystem of semantics. The meaning of the video is greater than the literal words being spoken by the actors. There is cultural context required to understand the humorous intent of the video. Through this cultural context, the video is able to reach out to its audience and express this anti- authoritarian way of thinking. Snide comments and banter are tools used to remind those rising through the ranks that they are not better than anyone else. Furthermore, the tall-poppy syndrome is an explanation for why Australians consistently ridicule and mock their politicians.
Comedian, Tim Minchin recently gave a speech to a graduating class at the University of Western Australia. Embossed within this simile is the concept of humility and egalitarianism that depict the tall-poppy syndrome. Most examples of Australian language will ultimately tie back to these values. This includes the general Australian accent, Australian colloquialisms, phonological features of Australian English such as assimilation and the use of high rising terminal. The features of this language are linked to the values this language is used to express. This link is particularly evident in political speeches, debates and comedic material.
In relation to essay writing, there are a few steps to be conscious of when showing these links. Try to understand your examples using subsystems and which subsystems are relevant for the given example. Is the language-use significant on a phonological level, morphological level, lexical level, syntactic level or semantic level? Throughout the year, you will be required to research and collect such contemporary examples which reflect Australian values. In your essay, you are required to demonstrate the significance of your example, use metalanguage to explain the example and then link this example to the values it reflects in Australian society and finally explain what this means for the essay prompt.
Following this sequence of steps will ensure that you are able to discuss Australian Identity and Language in a holistic manner. Have a read of our Ultimate Guide to English Language if you haven't already done so! Ever since the inception of the format, we have been arguing with each other over whether we should say 'gif' or 'jif'. This debate has raged both online and offline, but does it really matter? On one side, supporters of 'gif' claim that because the acronym stands for Graphics Interchange Format , the G sound in 'graphics' should be maintained. Whereas the 'jif' camp argues that because the inventor of the format, Steve Wilhite, says 'jif', so should we all.
However, a far more sane argument is that as long as what someone says whether it be 'gif' or 'jif' is understood, it shouldn't matter how they say it. As students of English language, we should aim to primarily take this descriptive approach to studying language. We identify and describe what people are saying or writing, and the effects this has, but we don't then ascribe our own judgement. Language exists to be a vessel for our communication, and so, as long as it is transferring meaning between its users, it's serving its purpose. There is no correct way of speaking or writing because there isn't really a good way of determining what this correct way is. Simply put, prescriptivism is an attitude that prescribes how language should be and how you, as its speaker, must use it.
A prescriptivist most often promotes Standard English or a similar variety. This is the variety of English you will find in most textbooks, government letters and notices and in your English classroom. Descriptivism on the other hand, is a non-judgemental approach to looking at language. As descriptivists, we place more importance on how English is actually being written and spoken rather than trying to identify a correct way. The vast majority of linguists, dictionaries and other English language authorities consider themselves to be descriptive and not prescriptive, and this is a really important distinction.
If the way that we as English speakers use or spell a word changes, the dictionary will change too, in order to reflect this. The Macquarie Dictionary made one such change in , which entered the public spotlight. The word 'misogyny' has been used for many years to mean 'an entrenched prejudice against women' and not necessarily 'a hatred of women', as it says in the dictionary. So, when Julia Gillard used the word in her speech on the topic, it seemed to conflict with what it said in the dictionary. Yet, we all knew what she meant. And so, The Macquarie Dictionary updated its entry for the word to better reflect how we actually are using it. That's all well and good in the academic world, but why is this distinction important outside of a video about language?
Throughout history, and still to this day, prejudice exists against people who speak differently. For example, for much of the 20th century, and to some extent still to this day, Aboriginal Englishes have been deemed substandard and inferior to varieties used by people with European heritage. This has led to demonstrable discrimination in places like courts and hospitals, but often the time and care is not taken to actually interpret what Aboriginal people mean when they speak.
We have the option of either allowing the people to define how a language is used or allowing a linguistic academy like the Council for German Orthography in Germany, or the French Academy in France, to prescribe how we should speak. So, where can we find relevant examples in today's society? We're seeing a shift to prescriptive attitudes in the realm of teen-speak and text-speak, with people like David Crystal saying that creating new words and new ways of speaking is a rite of passage for young people. In the rapidly evolving fields of technology, social media or even politics these days, we are seeing new words and phrases and even entire new ways of constructing sentences being coined every day.
But, not everyone is accepting of this and plenty of people still cringe when they hear a hashtag used in regular speech. We're also experiencing a shift to the normalization of informal language, Australian slang and hypocorisms, even in social and situational contexts where traditionally we would use a more formal register. But when does this matter in English language? We should be careful not to say that certain ways of speaking or certain varieties of language are inherently wrong and instead, describe what makes them 'non-standard uses' of language.
This description is far more interesting than a subjective judgment of a particular way of using English. The terms descriptivism and prescriptivism can also be good metalinguistic tools when we are analysing opinions about language. Look out for segments on the radio, television or even the opinion columns of newspapers for discussions about varieties of English. People can identify very strongly with certain varieties of language, so a prescriptive attitude can often also indicate other beliefs.
This can be important when identifying the social and cultural context of a text. We can also employ this knowledge in our own writing and speaking. Instead of trying to use correct language, we can instead focus on using appropriate language. This doesn't mean that you can start spelling words however you want, and giving your essays a generous sprinkling of commas and apostrophes where they don't belong because these will often get in the way of you being easily and clearly understood , but the next time you're writing and you see a red line under that word that you're a hundred percent sure is correct, you can be safe in knowing that it's probably the dictionary, and not you, that needs an update.
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Many people have become apprehensive about saying the right thing. This is a direct result from political correctness. The definition of political correctness is, the avoidance, often considered as taken to extremes, of forms of expression or action that are perceived to exclude, marginalize, or insult groups of people who are socially disadvantaged or discriminated against.
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