Allegory In Cool Hand Luke

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Cool Hand Luke - Don't be cross that I nailed this hidden meaning.

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Jesus says he is a diabolos , one who falsely accuses and divides people without a reason. Louw-Nida adds Judas was "a wicked person who has a number of characteristics typical of the Devil. In fact he has been on the defensive and under attack, but now is his hour cf. Lk —32; Acts Compare John and especially New American Commentary: Luke. It is frightening and somewhat disheartening to come to the realization that people can profess Jesus and yet be a "Judas" in their heart. If you have been in ministry long enough, you have undoubtedly experienced the deep disappointment of betrayal by someone from within the ranks of those with whom you minister.

Jesus, having experienced the greatest example of personal betrayal, understands as the writer of Hebrews explains. Satan clearly played a major role in the events of Passion Week with multiple mentions or allusions in Luke and John An enemy who that contends with, opposes, resists. An adversary is one who hates or opposes another person and tries to harm them or stop them from doing something because of hatred and malice. Satan is the inveterate , implacable , relentless, ruthless, remorseless, merciless, heartless, pitiless, cruel, hard, harsh, hardened, incorrigible, dedicated enemy of God and man. Satan is not a myth or a fable, but a created, fallen angel who is a real, supernatural evil being Mt He was the tempter of Jesus and sifter of men like Peter Mt 4.

So while Peter was not possessed by Satan, he undoubtedly was influenced by Satan's fiery missile that had lodged in his mind! Note the dramatic contrast with what Peter had just confessed Mt ! This ought to be a lesson for ALL of Jesus' disciples that we need to continually be on guard against Satan's fiery missiles! All unregenerate people belong the Satan's kingdom cf Jn and all believers are blessed to belong to Christ's kingdom.

If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the boastful pride of life, is not from the Father, but is from the world. The world is passing away, and also its lusts; but the one who does the will of God lives forever. Dunnett - The Greek term satanas Mark In the famous "Beelzebub controversy" Jesus made clear his intention to drive Satan out of people's lives and to destroy his sovereignty Mt ;Mark ,26 ; Luke He liberated a woman "whom Satan had kept bound for eighteen long years" Luke Paul spoke of his being sent to turn people "from the power of Satan to God" Acts , and that the works of the "lawless one were in accordance with the work of Satan, " in doing sham miracles, signs, and wonders 2 Th Christ will come, he wrote, to overthrow that agent of Satan.

While the activity of Satan is carried out in "the world" i. He influenced Peter's thinking about Jesus to the extent that Jesus said to his disciple, "Get behind me, Satan! He asked for all the disciples in order to severely test them Luke Believers can be tempted by Satan due to a lack of self-control in sexual matters 1 Cor , and he can even masquerade as "an angle of light" to accomplish his purposes 2 Cor He tormented Paul by means of "a thorn in his flesh" 2 Cor Some people even turn away from their faith to follow Satan 1 Ti Satan opposes the proclamation of the gospel, snatching away the seed the word that was sown in people's hearts Mk ; Lk He also "stopped" Paul from traveling to Thessalonica 1 Th Satan is regarded in the New Testament as "master of death and destruction, " who carries out God's wrath against sinners.

Twice we read of persons "handed over to Satan" for spiritual discipline by the church 1 Cor ; 1 Ti This appears to mean that excommunication puts people out into Satan's realm, a sovereignty from which believers have been rescued Col ; cf. Heb In other cases, Satan attacked the disciples of Jesus by "sifting" them Lk , a figure that is enigmatic. It may have meant to test their faith with the intent of destroying it , or, it may have meant "to separate off the rubbish" I. In any case, Satan was up to no good. He was able to "enter" Judas Iscariot Lk ; cf. Jn , resulting in that disciple becoming a betrayer of his Master.

Peter's sifting may have brought about his threefold denial of Jesus. The nascent church in Jerusalem felt the brunt of Satan's attacks. He "filled" Ananias' heart and he lied to the Holy Spirit Acts , resulting in his sudden demise. The believers in Smyrna felt the sting of persecution Rev The nations of earth in John's vision were deceived by him Rev Jesus spoke of seeing Satan "fall like lightning from heaven" Luke , a fall not identified but spoken of within the context of demons being cast out—a sign of Satan's loss of authority. He, the Accuser, was overcome by One stronger than he. Finally, he is bound, imprisoned in the abyss for one thousand years, then ultimately banished in the fiery lake to suffer eternal torment Rev ,10; cf.

Mt In the Revelation we see 3 synonyms for Satan in two passages He is the father of lies, there is no truth in him John Those through whom he deceives are most effective because they themselves are deceived 2 Ti. Usually in Greek with the definite article lacking article only in Mk , Lk , 2 Cor and in personal address. Mt ; Mk ; ; Lk ; David referred to Abishai as his adversary 2 Samuel , as well as anyone who rendered evil for good Psalm Likewise, the political opponents of Solomon were his adversaries 1 Kings ,23, Of the 31 uses of the noun and verb forms of the Hebrew word, 17 are references to the devil. These are found in Job 12 times in chapters 1 and 2 , Zechariah 3 references, ,2 , Psalm , and 1 Chronicles which J.

Thus the interchangeableness of the two terms Satan and devil find their origin in the Greek translation of the Old Testament. The death of Jesus on the cross was the great defeat of Satan; why did the devil steer things towards that course? Yet, Satan is not all-knowing; perhaps he did not know how these events would turn against him. Nevertheless, Satan knows the Bible, so he should have known.. A better explanation is the fact that Satan is not all-wise; even if he did know that the death of Jesus would crush his head, his hatred got the best of him.

Since Satan is the great deceiver, he has no doubt deceived himself — and may actually believe that he could or can win over Jesus. Calvin remarks 'Though Satan drives us every day to crime, and reigns in us when he hurries us into a course of extraordinary wickedness, yet he is said to enter into the reprobate when he takes possession of all their senses, overthrows the fear of God, extinguishes the light of reason, and destroys every feeling of shame. Albert Barnes has an interesting note on Satan and Judas and us - The particular passion of which Satan made use was avarice -probably the besetting sin of Judas We may learn, also, that when Satan tempts men, he commonly does it by exciting and raising to the highest pitch their native passions.

He does not make them act contrary to their nature, but leads them on to act out their proper disposition. Barnes' Notes on the New Testament. Judas Ioudas is translated as the tribe Judah 11 , the betrayer Judas and other men with this name 32 , and the half brother of Jesus, Jude 1. Here is a breakout of. Iscariot iskariotes The meaning of this word is uncertain but usually taken to refer to a place, the village of Kerioth Josh in southern Judea.

There are 11 uses of Iscariot in the NT and most uses are associated with a description of the fact that he was a betrayer of Jesus. Even in this verse, Satan entering him indicates he will soon carry out his devilish deed. Stein on Iscariot - The latter designation probably means man Is [h] from [the town of] Karioth cariot. This would make Judas a Judean and the only non-Galilean of the group. Iscariot - 11x in 11v - Matt. Since Judas was one " of the twelve ," he clearly had exposure to light that only a few humans have had really just the other 11 disciples.

To sin against such light is all the more heinous. But even worse is that sin against such light results in a far greater degree of eternal punishment for Judas! Spurgeon - Was it not a sad thing that the betrayer of Christ should be one of the twelve? Yet deeply trying as it must have been to the heart of Christ, there is something useful about even that horrible transaction. Nay, for here is one of the twelve apostles, yet he betrays his Master. Sometimes, we have found this betrayal to be a source of comfort. I have myself desired, in receiving members into the church, to be very careful if possible only to receive good men and true; yet, though pastors and elders of the church may exercise the strictest watch, some of the worst of men will manage to get in.

Yes, we might have been put out of heart in building up the Church of God if it had not been for this sad but truthful narrative concerning Judas and his betrayal of our Lord. John gives us detail on Satan's second entrance into Judas, the first being prior to the Passover Meal in Lk During supper, the devil having already put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, to betray Him Comment : The context between the love of Jesus and hatred of Judas is striking - Jesus is about to wash the disciple's feet, while Judas is about to betray Jesus.

And don't miss the humble, loving action of Jesus, the Creator of the universe, stooping low to wash the feet of the very man He knew would soon betray Him! What kind of love is this! Jesus did not just teach verbally to "love your enemies" Mt He demonstrated that true love is unconditional and is manifest by one's actions which authenticate one's words. Do I say I love the brethren, but shy away from "washing their feet" however that might be manifest? And just as amazing is the fact that Judas looked down as Jesus washed his feet one pictures Jesus' eyes looking up, meeting Judas' eyes and yet Judas' heart remained unmoved by so great an act of love.

Steven Cole - The spiritual lesson for us from these verses is: Since it is possible to be religious and yet to be in league with Satan, we must guard against evil religion. Behind the scenes of world and personal events lurks an evil spirit, the devil, who is working for his own ends in opposition to God. If he can pawn off counterfeit religions that keep people from knowing the true God, he can hold them in spiritual darkness. They think that they are right with God, but in reality, they are not. Inherent in such an approach to salvation are several fatally flawed notions. Thus the character of God is blasphemed. So you can see why Satan loves religion. It makes the cross unnecessary and it feeds the pride of sinful man. But we must go a step further:. People can even profess and belong to true religion and yet be in league with Satan.

The chief priests and scribes believed in the true God of the Bible, who revealed Himself to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Judas was not just a follower of Jesus, but also one of the twelve. Even so, there are many who profess to be Christians, but they are in harmony with Satan, not with Jesus Christ. The Crusades were ostensibly under the banner of Christianity, but there was nothing Christian about them. Satan still uses them to malign true Christianity. The Inquisition and the persecution carried on under the reign of Bloody Mary in England were done in the name of Christ, and yet these events and the people responsible for them were hideously evil. The Protestant-Catholic terrorism in Northern Ireland is not Christian in any sense of the word, and yet the world perceives of it as Christian versus Christian.

Looking at the Jewish religious leaders and Judas, we can see a number of dangers for all who hold to belief in the one true God:. Religious profession is not enough. They professed to believe in the Scriptures. Judas professed to be a follower of Christ. And yet they killed the sinless Savior. Anyone can make a profession of faith, but in and of itself, such a profession is not enough to guard us from evil religion. Religious knowledge is not enough.

They studied it for years in the original language. They could cite lengthy passages by memory. But in spite of their impressive learning, they missed Christ. Their knowledge filled them with pride, when it should have humbled them before God. Spiritual knowledge is good if it brings us to the true knowledge of God and of ourselves, which always results in humility. But if it puffs us up with all that we know, it will bring us to ruin. Religious position is not enough. They had spiritual oversight of more than a million Jews. But they crucified the Savior.

Judas was one of the twelve apostles, hand-picked by Jesus Christ. Yet he betrayed the Savior of the world for a small bag of silver. You can be the pastor of a large church or the head of a large denomination and yet be in league with Satan. Religious ritual is not enough. But at the same time, they were going to murder an innocent man, their Messiah, no less! The Feast of Unleavened Bread that immediately followed pictured removing sin from our lives. If they had taken to heart the message of Passover, how could they have been plotting murder at the same time? It is easy to go through religious rituals and miss the message behind the ritual. Mafia members can go to the Mass and go home and arrange the murder of a rival. Church members can partake of communion and go home and verbally abuse their mates or children.

Ritual is not enough. Religious service is not enough. Judas had served Christ for three years in as close a capacity as possible. But all the religious service in the world is worthless if we betray Jesus. ED : Or on a practical level, if we do works and fail to abide in the Vine - John Religious affiliation is not enough. Judas was a member of the twelve. He was personally acquainted with Peter, James, and John, not to mention, Jesus. He could tell you inside stories about these great men. You would think that some of it would have rubbed off on him. But you can know godly men and run in godly circles and yet not be godly yourself. Religious experience is not enough. He had seen Jesus heal the sick and raise the dead.

He had watched Jesus feed the 5, and walk on the water. He had seen Jesus hold large crowds spellbound with His teaching. But all of his spiritual experiences did not keep Judas from betraying Jesus. Even so, people today report all sorts of interesting and amazing spiritual experiences. They speak in tongues, laugh uncontrollably, bark like dogs, roar like lions, get slain in the Spirit, and lay prostrate on the floor. They go forward at evangelistic crusades and feel a warm glow come over them.

But ask Judas. He will tell you that you can have amazing religious experiences and still betray the Savior. Religious experience is inadequate by itself. If it is possible to profess to be a Christian and to do all of these other things, and yet to be in league with Satan, how can we guard against such evil religion in ourselves? At the core of evil religion are the lack of genuine conversion, the rejection of Jesus as Lord, and the promotion of selfish desires under the guise of religious commitment. Many different theories have been suggested as to why Judas would do such a thing as betray Jesus.

But at the root of whatever motivated Judas was this key factor: He was not a converted man. This is the key difference between Judas and Peter. Peter failed miserably, denying Jesus at His moment of greatest need, humanly speaking. Both men felt badly after their failures. But the difference was, Peter was truly converted; Judas was not. We need to understand that true conversion is not a matter of making a decision to follow Christ. A decision cannot save anyone. True conversion has nothing to do with anything that we can do. Whereas before we were self-willed, now we submit to God.

Before we were proud of our goodness; now we are humbled by our sin. Before we shrugged off or justified our sin; now we confess and mourn over our sin. When God saves you, He changes your heart. False religion lacks true conversion. By distinguishing this point from the previous one, I am not suggesting that we first get saved and then add lordship sometime later, as a second step. But I separate this point to emphasize something that many who profess Christ as Savior do not realize, namely, that they have never dethroned self and enthroned Christ as Lord.

They came to Christ in hopes that He could do something for them. Maybe they hoped He would fix their marriage or straighten out a rebellious child. Perhaps they hoped that He would make them happy. But their problems have only grown worse. They are disappointed with Christ. They are in danger of turning to false gods for help. Self is still in control. If Jesus will cooperate and give what self wants, they will follow Jesus.

If not, they will turn to whatever makes self happy. This is merely evil religion, using religion to get what you want out of life. Besides, as one of the twelve, he should get a top assignment in the new kingdom. But when Judas saw Jesus heading toward the cross, he was horrified. He wanted prestige, power, and material comfort. He was using Jesus for his own ends. Or, have I submitted to Jesus as Lord, no matter what the cost? That is true Christianity. Evil religion promotes selfish desires under the guise of religious commitment. The Jewish leaders and Judas were religious men, but their religion was a thin veneer over selfish desires and a means to fulfilling those desires.

There were three areas of selfish desires these men shared in common:. The desire for money and material things. Evil religion does not kill greed. But God always confronts our greed. Covetousness is one of the Ten Commandments. Greed is often linked with idolatry and sexual immorality Eph , Eph ; Col If you are not consistently confronting your greed, you need to re-examine your faith. To betray the Son of God for money seems despicable beyond imagination. They profess to be Christians, but their lives are consumed with the pursuit of material things. They cling to their things and are deeply offended if anyone suggests that they give away their things for the cause of Christ. They will even cheat or lie or compromise their morals and their testimony so that they can get ahead.

They are betraying Jesus for money, just as Judas did. The desire for prestige and recognition. They loved the respectful greetings and the chief seats in the synagogue Lu They were overly concerned about what people thought of them Lu , Lu They feared the multitude, but they did not fear God. I am inferring this, since Scripture does not directly say, but I think that Judas also may have liked the prestige that came from being in the inner circle with Jesus during the time of His popularity.

By leading them to Jesus, he could assure himself of recognition with the rulers after Jesus was out of the way. We all need to judge our own hearts. We can serve in the church for the recognition and prestige that it brings, rather than out of love for Jesus Christ. The desire for power and influence. So you play religious politics. You network with those who have influence. You cater to the rich and famous. You use guile and manipulation to get ahead in the religious world.

The Jewish religious leaders played such political games. Jesus threatened their power base. He challenged their greed and corruption. He exposed their selfish motives. But rather than yielding to Him, they decided to get rid of Him. And, Judas was using his inside information for his own ends. He should have judged his evil desire for power and influence. When I first came to this church, I went out to lunch with the man who was then the regional director for the Southwest Conservative Baptist Association. They can even profess true religion, yet be in league with Satan. At the core of evil religion are a lack of genuine conversion, the rejection of Christ as Lord, and the promotion of selfish desires under the guise of religious commitment.

How could Judas be glad about striking such a deal? What a relief! But their happiness was short-lived. Their doom is eternal! The things that make you glad reveal your heart. The things that make God rejoice should make us rejoice. Conclusion - In light of how Satan uses religion for his evil purposes, it is shocking when evangelical Christian leaders, such as Billy Graham, endorse religious men who clearly deny the Gospel.

You have your way to God; I have mine. Graham has also endorsed Robert Schuller who denies the Gospel. My purpose is not to slam Billy Graham, although he needs someone to confront him. My purpose is to illustrate my main point, that since it is possible to be religious and yet be in league with Satan, we must guard ourselves against evil religion. At best Graham is extremely undiscerning. At worst, people who hear him say things like that will be kept from true salvation.

I hope that none of you are deceived. Avoid evil religion. Do not endorse it. Do not join with it. Make sure that your heart is right before God. Are you trusting in Christ alone for salvation? Are you judging your sin on the heart level? Are you seeking to please God and walk before Him? If you are, you will avoid the danger of betraying the Son of God for a bag of silver. Luke Evil Religion. Luke And he went away and discussed with the chief priests and officers how he might betray Him to them. KJV Luke And he went his way, and communed with the chief priests and captains, how he might betray him unto them. Robertson on Matthew's 30 pieces - Matthew refers to Zechariah These pieces were shekels of the sanctuary, of standard weight, and therefore heavier than the ordinary shekel.

See on Matthew Reckoning the Jerusalem shekel at seventy-two cents, the sum would be twenty-one dollars and sixty cents. This was the price which, by the Mosaic law, a man was condemned to pay if his ox should gore a servant Exodus Our Lord, the sacrifice for men, was paid for out of the temple-money, destined for the purchase of sacrifices. He who "took on him the form of a servant" was sold at the legal price of a slave. Mark Then Judas Iscariot, who was one of the twelve, went off to the chief priests in order to betray Him to them. They were glad when they heard this, and promised to give him money. And he went away - He went away being led by the unholy influence of the evil spirit Satan who had entered him enticing him to commit the greatest act of treachery in human history!

There is a dramatic difference in the way Jesus and Judas responded to their personal encounters with the devil. Fill us Father so that we might resist the siren in Greek mythology, a creature half bird and half woman who lured sailors to destruction by the sweetness of her song call of sin and instead continually walk in a manner worthy of the Gospel for the glory of the Lamb. It is notable that the verb he went away apelthon is in the active voice which signifies that Judas made a volitional choice and it was he who chose to approach the Jewish leaders, not the converse for they would not have been aware of Satan's possession. Fruchtenbaum - In Luke we see that Satan himself has entered Judas.

He is not merely demon possessed but Satan possessed. He succeeds at that. Under Roman law, a Roman cohort could not be released to make an arrest unless someone first appears before the Roman governor with an accusation of a crime punishable under Roman law. Judas was the witness to appear before Pontius Pilate in order to release the cohort. Also under Roman law Judas would have served as a prosecuting witness at the Roman trial, a role he failed to accomplish. He would not be needed for a Jewish trial. And discussed with the chief priests and officers how he might betray Him to them - An evil man controlled by Satan colludes with evil men who are likewise controlled by Satan to determine the "how" of Jesus' death. Mt records Judas question "What are you willing to give me to betray Him to you?

As noted elsewhere, the Jewish leaders had planned to wait until after the Passover to seize and kill Jesus, but with Judas' offer they accelerated their plans. So in this sense, Satan, Judas and the evil leaders "played into" God's "predetermined plan. God grant us grace to rest in this truth in Christ. A T Robertson says the strategos were "Leaders of the temple guards Acts , the full title, "captains of the temple," occurs in Luke These were not military guards, but the Levitical officers who had charge of the Temple watch.

Vine says strategos "came to denote a civil commander, a governor Latin, duumvir , the highest magistrate, or any civil officer in chief command, Acts , 22, 35, 36, 38; also the chief captain of the Temple, himself a Levite, having command of the Levites who kept guard in and around the Temple, Luke , 52; Acts ; , BDAG - 1. This is the only place in the Acts where Luke applies the term to the rulers of a city. Luke does not record Judas' request of the Jewish leaders which was how much to kill the King?

And they weighed out thirty pieces of silver to him. Mt ! Pr In this context it means to deliver Jesus to the enemy by treachery. Luke uses paradidomi repeatedly to describe Judas' betrayal - Luke ; ; , 16; , 21, 22, Leon Morris - It is not clear why Judas betrayed Jesus. One motive was disappointed avarice Mt f. Some have tried to put him in a better light by suggesting, for example, that he was trying to get Jesus into a position where he would have to exercise his power and bring in the kingdom. Setting aside the not unimportant consideration that this would align Judas with Satan in the temptation narrative, all such attempts are speculation. There is no foundation for them in the texts.

While we cannot know with certainty all of the motives of Judas there is ample evidence that love of money played an important role in catalyzing his betrayal of Jesus - Ryle writes "We see, thirdly, in these verses, the enormous power of the love of money. He was fond of money. But he had either forgotten it, or given it no heed. Covetousness was the rock on which he made shipwreck. Covetousness was the ruin of his soul. We need not wonder that St. The history of the church is full of mournful proofs, that it is one of the choicest weapons of Satan for corrupting and spoiling professors of religion.

Gehazi, Ananias and Sapphira are names which naturally occur to our minds. But of all proofs, there is none so melancholy as the one before us. For money a chosen apostle sold the best and most loving of Masters! For money Judas Iscariot betrayed Christ! Let us watch and pray against the love of money. It is a subtle disease, and often far nearer to us than we suppose. A poor man is just as liable to it as a rich man. It is possible to love money without having it, and it is possible to have it without loving it. Of course we would be remiss to not give Satan his due, for his entrance into Judas undoubtedly catalyzed the evil thoughts that had already begin to sprout in Judas' mine. And of course if Judas needed a little help with deception, who better that the great Deceiver himself!

As Solomon wisely asked " Can a man take fire in his bosom and his clothes not be burned? Dealing with the devil is dangerous! That's what happens. An affection, a desire, takes hold of your heart that is more important to you than God is. And Luke tells us what it was for Judas. What does he say? There was an inordinate desire in his heart for money. And then if you go to Matthew , Matthew will tell you that when Judas first went to the chief priests, do you know what he asked them? What will you give me for it? Guess what Judas had been doing. For three years, as the holder of the purse, as the treasurer of the disciples, he had been stealing.

Now it's very interesting, the gospels don't go into a lot of explanation about why Judas did what he did, except to say this man's heart had been taken hold of by money. Now that ought to make us tremble. You know with men it's usually sex or money or power that gets them or some combination or all three, but it's an inordinate desire, it's an affection, it's a yearning that becomes stronger in us than our yearning for God.

That's what leads to apostasy, the falling away from a profession. Church, "to be a veiled exposition of moral philosophy. The Redcross Knight, for example, personifies the single private virtue of holiness, while Prince Arthur stands for that perfect manhood which combines all the moral qualities; Una represents abstract truth, while Gloriana symbolizes the union of all the virtues in perfect womanhood. On the other hand, Archimago symbolizes the deceptions of the Jesuits and Duessa the false Church of Rome masquerading as true religion.

One of Spenser's prime objects in composing his epic was to please certain powerful persons at court, and above all to win praise and patronage from the vain and flattery loving queen, whom he celebrates as Gloriana. Prince Arthur is a character that similarly pays homage to Lord Leicester. George, the patron saint of England, while in Una we may see idealized some fair lady of the court. Suggestions for its construction were taken from three Italian metres—the Ottava Rima, the Terza Rima, the Sonnet—and the Ballade stanza. There are eight lines in the iambic pentameter measure five accents ; e. The rhymes are arranged in the following order: ab ab bc bcc. It will be observed that the two quatrains are bound together by the first two b rhymes, and the Alexandrine, which rhymes with the eighth line, draws out the harmony with a peculiar lingering effect.

In scanning and reading it is necessary to observe the laws of accentuation and pronunciation prevailing in Spenser's day; e. The rhythm of the meter is also varied by the alternating of end-stopped and run-on lines, as in the last quotation. An end-stopped line has a pause at the end, usually indicated by some mark of punctuation. A run-on line should be read closely with the following line with only a slight pause to indicate the line-unit. Monotony is prevented by the occasional use of a light or feminine ending—a syllable on which the voice does not or cannot rest; e. The use of alliteration, i. Its compass, which admitted of an almost endless variety of cadence, harmonized well with the necessity for continuous narration.

It appeals to the eye as well as to the ear, with its now languid, now vigorous, but always graceful turn of phrase. Its movement has been compared to the smooth, steady, irresistible sweep of water in a mighty river. Like Lyly, Marlowe, and Shakespeare, Spenser felt the new delight in the pictorial and musical qualities of words, and invented new melodies and word pictures. He aimed rather at finish, exactness, and fastidious neatness than at ease, freedom, and irregularity; and if his versification has any fault, it is that of monotony. The atmosphere is always perfectly adapted to the theme. As a romantic poet, Spenser often preferred archaic and semi-obsolete language to more modern forms. He uses four classes of words that were recognized as the proper and conventional language of pastoral and romantic poetry; viz.

He did not hesitate to adopt from Chaucer many obsolete words and grammatical forms. Examples are: the double negative with ne ; eyen , lenger , doen , ycladd , harrowd , purchas , raught , seely , stowre , swinge , owch , and withouten. He also employs many old words from Layamon, Wiclif, and Langland, like swelt , younglings , noye , kest , hurtle , and loft. His dialectic forms are taken from the vernacular of the North Lancashire folk with which he was familiar. Some are still a part of the spoken language of that region, such as, brent , cruddled , forswat , fearen , forray , pight , sithen , carle , and carke.

Examples of his use of classical constructions are: the ablative absolute, as, which doen IV, xliii ; the relative construction with when , as, which when I, xvii , that when VII, xi ; the comparative of the adjective in the sense of "too," as, weaker I, xlv , harder II, xxxvi ; the participial construction after till , as, till further tryall made I, xii ; the superlative of location, as, middest IV, xv ; and the old gerundive, as, wandering wood I, xiii. Most of the gallicisms found are anglicized loan words from the French romans d'aventure , such as, disseized , cheare , chappell , assoiled , guerdon , palfrey , recreaunt , trenchand , syre , and trusse.

Notwithstanding Spenser's use of foreign words and constructions, his language is as thoroughly English in its idiom as that of any of our great poets. I do not know how it is, but she said very right. There is something in Spenser that pleases one as strongly in old age as it did in youth. I read the Faerie Queene when I was about twelve, with infinite delight; and I think it gave me as much, when I read it over about a year or two ago. The imperishable charm of the poem lies in its appeal to the pure sense of beauty. Each story is modified with respect to another, and all with respect to a certain effect which is being worked out.

Thus a beauty issues from this harmony,—the beauty in the poet's heart,—which his whole work strives to express; a noble and yet a laughing beauty, made up of moral elevation and sensuous seductions, English in sentiment, Italian in externals, chivalric in subject, modern in its perfection, representing a unique and admirable epoch, the appearance of paganism in a Christian race, and the worship of form by an imagination of the North. A LETTER of the Authors expounding his whole intention in the course of this worke; 1 which, for that it giveth great light to the reader, for the better understanding is hereunto annexed.

Lo: Wardein of the Stanneries, and her majesties lieutenaunt of the countie of Cornewayll. Knowing how doubtfully all Allegories may be constructed, and this booke of mine, which I have entituled The Faery Queene , being a continued Allegorie, or darke conceit, I have thought good, as well for avoyding of jealous opinions and misconstructions, as also for your better light in reading thereof, being so, by you commanded to discover unto you the generall intention and meaning, which in the whole course thereof I have fashioned, without expressing of any particular purposes, or by-accidents therein occasioned.

The generall end therefore of all the booke, is to fashion a gentleman or noble person in vertuous and gentle discipline. Which for that I conceived shoulde be most plausible and pleasing, beeing coloured with an historicall fiction, the which the most part of men delight to read, rather for varietie of matter than for profit of the ensample: I chose the historie of king Arthure, as most fit for the excellencie of his person, beeing made famous by many mens former workes, and also furthest from the danger of envie, and suspicion of present time. By ensample of which excellent Poets, I laboure to pourtraict in Arthure, before he was king, the image of a brave knight, perfected in the twelve private morall vertues, as Aristotle hath devised: which if I find to be well accepted, I may be perhaps encoraged to frame the other part of pollitike vertues in his person, after he came to bee king.

To some I know this Methode will seem displeasant, which had rather have good discipline delivered plainly in way of precepts, or sermoned at large, as they use, then thus clowdily enwrapped in Allegoricall devises. But such, mee seeme, should be satisfied with the use of these dayes, seeing all things accounted by their showes, and nothing esteemed of, that is not delightfull and pleasing to common sense.

For this cause is Xenophon preferred before Plato, for that the one, in the exquisite depth of his judgement, formed a Commune-wealth, such as it should be; but the other, in the person of Cyrus and the Persians, fashioned a government, such as might best be: So much more profitable and gracious is doctrine by ensample then by rule. So have I laboured to do in the person of Arthure: whom I conceive, after his long education by Timon to whom he was by Merlin delivered to be brought up, so soone as he was borne of the Lady Igrayne to have seen in a dreame or vision the Faerie Queene, with whose excellent beautie ravished, hee awaking, resolved to seek her out: and so, being by Merlin armed, and by Timon throughly instructed, he went to seeke her forth in Faery land.

In that Faery Queene I mean Glory in my generall intention: but in my particular I conceive the most excellent and glorious person of our soveraine the Queene, and her kingdome in Faery land. And yet, in some places else, I doe otherwise shadow her. For considering shee beareth two persons, the one of a most royall Queene or Empresse, the other of a most vertuous and beautifull lady, this latter part in some places I doe expresse in Belphoebe, fashioning her name according to your owne excellent conceipt of Cynthia, 2 Phoebe and Cynthia being both names of Diana.

So in the person of Prince Arthure I sette forth magnificence in particular, which vertue, for that according to Aristotle and the rest it is the perfection of all the rest, and containeth in it them all, therefore in the whole course I mention the deeds of Arthure appliable to the vertue, which I write of in that booke. But of the twelve other vertues I make XII other knights the patrons, for the more varietie of the historic: Of which these three bookes containe three. But because the beginning of the whole worke seemeth abrupt and as depending upon other antecedents, it needs that yee know the occasion of these three knights severall adventures.

For the Methode of a Poet historicall is not such as of an Historiographer. For an Historiographer discourseth of affaires orderly as they were done, accounting as well the times as the actions; but a Poet thrusteth into the middest, even where it most concerneth him, and there recoursing to the things forepast, and divining of things to come, maketh a pleasing analysis of all. The beginning therefore of my historie, if it were to be told by an Historiographer, should be the twelfth booke, which is the last; where I devise that the Faery Queene kept her annuall feast twelve daies; uppon which twelve severall dayes, the occasions of the twelve severall adventures hapned, which being undertaken by XII severall knights, are in these twelve books severally handled and discoursed.

The first was this. In the beginning of the feast, there presented him selfe a tall clownish younge man, who falling before the Queene of Faeries desired a boone as the manner then was which during that feast she might not refuse: which was that hee might have the atchievement of any adventure, which during that feast should happen; that being granted, he rested him selfe on the fioore, unfit through his rusticitie for a better place.

Soone after entred a faire Ladie in mourning weedes, riding on a white Asse, with a dwarfe behind her leading a warlike steed, that bore the Armes of a knight, and his speare in the dwarfes hand. She falling before the Queene of Faeries, complayned that her father and mother, an ancient King and Queene, had bene by an huge dragon many yeers shut up in a brazen Castle, who thence suffered them not to issew: and therefore besought the Faery Queene to assigne her some one of her knights to take on him that exployt. Presently that clownish person upstarting, desired that adventure; whereat the Queene much wondering, and the Lady much gaine-saying, yet he earnestly importuned his desire. In the end the Lady told him, that unlesse that armour which she brought would serve him that is, the armour of a Christian man specified by Saint Paul, V.

And eftesoones taking on him knighthood, and mounting on that straunge Courser, he went forth with her on that adventure: where beginneth the first booke, viz. The second day there came in a Palmer bearing an Infant with bloody hands, whose Parents he complained to have bene slaine by an enchauntresse called Acrasia: and therefore craved of the Faery Queene, to appoint him some knight to performe that adventure, which being assigned to Sir Guyon, he presently went foorth with the same Palmer: which is the beginning of the second booke and the whole subject thereof. The third day there came in a Groome, who complained before the Faery Queene, that a vile Enchaunter, called Busirane, had in hand a most faire Lady, called Amoretta, whom he kept in most grevious torment.

Whereupon Sir Scudamour, the lover of that Lady, presently tooke on him that adventure. But beeing unable to performe it by reason of the hard Enchauntments, after long sorrow, in the end met with Britomartis, who succoured him, and reskewed his love. But by occasion hereof, many other adventures are intermedled; but rather as accidents then intendments. As the love of Britomart, the overthrow of Marinell, the miserie of Florimell, the vertuousness of Belphoebe; and many the like. Thus much, Sir, I have briefly-over-run to direct your understanding to the wel-head of the History, that from thence gathering the whole intention of the conceit, ye may as in a handfull gripe all the discourse, which otherwise may happely seem tedious and confused.

So humbly craving the continuance of your honourable favour towards me, and th' eternall establishment of your happines, I humbly take leave. Line 1. Lo I the man. An imitation of the opening lines of Vergil's Aeneid :—. Referring to his Shepheards Calender Spenser thus gracefully indicates his change from pastoral to epic poetry. Knights and Ladies. The poet here imitates the opening of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso.

O holy virgin chiefe of nine, refers to Clio, the muse of history. Spenser should have invoked Calliope, the muse of poetry. Of Faerie knights, the the champions of Gloriana, the queen of Faerieland. In the allegory she is Queen Elizabeth. He is represented as armed with an ebony bow l. The spelling is that of the Italians and Chaucer. O Goddesse heavenly bright, Queen Elizabeth aged 56 , who was fond of such extravagant flattery, and expected it of all her courtiers. Phoebus lampe, Apollo, the sun-god. The argument of mine afflicted stile, the subject of my humble pen. O dearest dred, O beloved object of reverence; a common salutation of royalty. The Plot: At the bidding of Gloriana, the Redcross Knight undertakes to deliver Una's parents from a dragon who holds them captive.

He sets out upon his quest attended by a dwarf and guided by Una, mounted on an ass and leading a lamb. They are driven by a storm into a forest, where they discover the cave of Error, who is slain by the Knight. They are then beguiled into the house of Archimago, an old enchanter. By his magic he leads the Knight in a dream to believe that Una is false to him, and thus separates them. The Allegory: 1. Holiness, the love of God, united with Truth, the knowledge of God, is to deliver man from the thraldom of the Devil. Together they are able to overthrow Error; but Hypocrisy deceitfully alienates Holiness from Truth by making the latter appear unworthy of love. There is a hint of the intrigues of the false Roman church and the treacherous Spanish king, Philip II, to undermine the religious and political freedom of the English people.

The English nation, following the Reformed church, overthrows the Catholic faith, but is deceived by the machinations of Spanish diplomacy. A gentle knight, the Redcross Knight, representing the church militant, and Reformed England. He is the young, untried champion of the old cause whose struggles before the Reformation are referred to in ll. His shield bore "a cross gules upon a field argent," a red cross on a silver ground. See The Birth of St. For soveraine hope, as a sign of the supreme hope.

Greatest Gloriana, Queen Elizabeth. In other books of The Faerie Queene she is called Belphoebe, the patroness of chastity, and Britomart, the military genius of Britain. A Dragon, "the great dragon, that old serpent, called the devil," Revelation , xii, 9, also Rome and Spain. George and the dragon, and Fletcher's Purple Island , vii seq. Her lamb symbolizes innocence. A shadie grove, the wood of Error. Morley sees in this grove an allegory of man's life, the trees symbolizing trade, pleasure, youth, etc.

The sayling Pine. Ships were built of pine. The builder Oake. In the Middle Ages most manor houses and churches were built of oak. Sidney says that they were wont to dress graves with cypress branches in old times. The Laurell. Victors at the Pythian games and triumphing Roman generals were crowned with laurel. It was also sacred to Apollo, the god of poetry, hence "meed of poets sage. The fir exudes resinous substance. The Willow. The Eugh. Ascham in his Toxophilus tells us that the best bows were made of yew. The allusion is to the wounding of Myrrha by her father and her metamorphosis into this tree.

The warlike Beech, because lances and other arms were made of it. The great tree Igdrasil in the northern mythology was an ash. The carver Holme, or evergreen oak, was good for carving. She is half human, half serpent, because error is partly true and partly false. Dante's Fraud and Milton's Sin are similar monsters. Of her there bred, etc. Her offspring are lies and rumors of many shapes. Armed to point, completely armed. His gall did grate for griefe, his anger was aroused on account of pain. In the old anatomy anger had its seat in the gallbladder. See Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy , I, i, 2. Her vomit full of bookes, etc. From , when Pope Sixtus V issued his bull of deposition against Queen Elizabeth, to , great numbers of scurrilous pamphlets attacking the Queen and the Reformed church had been disseminated by Jesuit refugees.

Pliny believed that the mud of the Nile had the power of breeding living creatures like mice. In this pastoral simile, Spenser imitates Homer's Iliad , ii, , and xvii, , and Ariosto's Orlando Furioso , xiv, Thus ill bestedd. There is a similar combat in the old romance Guy of Warwick , ix, between the hero and a man-eating dragon. Her scattred brood. The poet here follows a belief as old as Pliny that the young of serpents fed on their mother's blood.

In this entire passage the details are too revolting for modern taste. The antecedent of which is her. In the sixteenth century the was frequently placed before which , which was also the equivalent of who. Belief in astrology was once common, and Spenser being a Pythagorean would hold the doctrine of the influence of the stars on human destiny. Ephesians , vi, The word order is inverted for the sake of the rhyme. In general he stands for false religion or the Church of Rome. The character and adventure are taken from Orlando Furioso , ii, 12, in which there is a hypocritical hermit.

The Knight at first takes Archimago to be a palmer, and inquires for the foreign news. Luke , i, His Magick bookes and artes. Monks engaged in scientific investigation, such as Friar Roger Bacon, were popularly supposed to use cabalistic books, and to make compacts with the Devil by means of necromancy, or the black art, as in st. Before the close of the century Marlowe's Doctor Faustus and Greene's Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay , both based on the popular belief in magic, were presented on the London stage. She is identified with Shakespeare's Hecate, the goddess of sorcery, and with Milton's Cotytto, goddess of lust. To this latter sin the knight is tempted. Great Gorgon, Demogorgon, whose name might not be uttered, a magician who had power over the spirits of the lower world.

The poet is here imitating the Latin poets Lucan and Statius. Cocytus, the river of wailing, and Styx, the river of hate, both in Hades. There were two others, Acheron , the river of sorrow, and Phlegethon , the river of fire. Legions of Sprights. In this stanza and the preceding Spenser follows Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered , xiii, , where the magician Ismeno, guarding the Enchanted Wood, conjures "legions of devils" with the "mighty name" l. Imitation of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso , ii, 15, in which a false spirit is called up by a hypocritical hermit. The description of the House of Sleep in st. The influence of Homer's Odyssey , xi, 16 is seen in st.

Tethys, the ocean. In classical mythology she is the daughter of Uranus heaven and Gaea earth , and the wife of Oceanus. Cynthia, the moon. The allusion is to the story of Diana and Endymion. See Lyly's play Endymion. Whose double gates. Homer, Odyssey , xix, , and Vergil, Aeneid , vi, , give the House of Dreams a horn and an ivory gate. Spenser substitutes silver for horn, mirrors being overlaid with silver in his time. From the ivory gate issued false dreams; from the other, true ones. This stanza shows Spenser's wonderful technique.

His exquisite effects are produced, it will be noticed, partly by the choice of musical words and partly by the rhythmical cadence of the verse phrases. It is an example of perfect "keeping," or adaptation of sound to sense. Chaucer's description of the waterfalls in the Cave of Sleep in his Boke of the Duchesse , In the old physiology, a dry brain was the cause of slow and weak perception, and a moist brain of quickness. Hecate, queen of phantoms and demons in Hades, and mistress of witches on earth. See xxxvii. Like is an adv. A very awkward inversion. Fayre Venus, the daughter of Jupiter, or Zeus, and the sea-nymph Dione. She is the same as Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and beauty. Hymen, the son of Apollo and the Muse Urania, was the god of marriage.

She typified spring. To prove his sense, etc. To test his perception and prove her feigned truth. Tho can she weepe, then did she weep. Can here is the Northern dialect form for the middle English gan , past tense of ginnen , to begin, which was used as an auxiliary. Like other knights of romance, e. Tell in your own words the story of this canto. Which muse does Spenser invoke? Who were the nine muses? What is the difference between pastoral and epic poetry? Explain the reference to the religious questions and politics of Queen Elizabeth's reign. What references to the Bible do you find? Try to make a mental picture of the Knight—of Una—of Error—of Archimago.

Is Spenser's character drawing objective or subjective? Is the description of the wood in vii true to nature? Could so many trees grow together in a thick wood? Study the Rembrandt-like effects of light and shade in xiv. What infernal deities are conjured up by Archimago? Paraphrase in your own language ll. Explain use of of in l. What part of speech is wandering l. Find examples of Euphuistic hyperbole in iv , of alliteration in xiv. Explain the use and form of eyne , edified , afflicted , weeds , Hebean , impe , compeld , areeds , blazon , ycladd. The Plot : Deceived by Archimago's phantoms, the Redcross Knight suspects the chastity of Una, and flies at early dawn with his dwarf.

He chances to meet the Saracen Sansfoy in company with the false Duessa. They do battle and Sansfoy is slain. Duessa under the name of Fidessa attaches herself to the Knight, and they ride forward. They stop to rest under some shady trees, On breaking a bough, the Knight discovers that the trees are two lovers, Fradubio and Fraelissa, thus imprisoned by the cruel enchantment of Duessa.

The Allegory : 1. Hypocrisy under a pious disguise is attractive to Holiness. Truth is also deceived by it, and shamefully slandered. Holiness having abandoned Truth, takes up with Falsehood, who is attended by Infidelity. Unbelief when openly assailing Holiness is overthrown, but Falsehood under the guise of Faith remains undiscovered. The Reformed Church, no longer under the guidance of Truth, rushes headlong into Infidelity, and unwittingly became the defender of the Romish Faith under the name of the True Faith.

There is a hint of the intrigues of Mary Queen of Scots and the libels of the Jesuits on Queen Elizabeth designed to bring back the English nation to Romish allegiance. LINE 1. Roman de Renart and Reineke Fuchs. Spenser took suggestions for this stanza from Ariosto and Tasso. This beautiful epithet of Aurora, the goddess of the dawn, is borrowed from Homer, Hesiod, and other ancient poets. Aurora conferred upon him immortality without youth, hence the epithet "aged. Titan, the sun-god in the Roman myths.

Proteus, a sea-god who was endowed with the power of prophecy. He could change himself into any shape in order to avoid having to prophesy. See Homer, Odyssey , iv, seq. In the sixteenth century the belief in potions, magic formulas, etc. The Spanish court and the priests were supposed to employ supernatural agencies against the Protestants. A faithless Sarazin. Spenser uses the word Saracen in the general sense of pagan. During the Middle Ages the Saracen power was a menace to Europe, and the stronghold of infidelity. The names of the three Paynim brethren, Sansfoy, Sansjoy, and Sansloy,—faithless, joyless, and lawless,—suggest the point of view of Spenser's age.

Her character and appearance were suggested by the woman of Babylon, in Revelation , viii, 4, Ariosto's Alcina, and Tasso's Armida. As when two rams. The broken reliques, the shattered lances. Each others equall puissaunce envies, each envies the equal prowess of the other. With rigour so outrageous, with force so violent. That a large share, etc. Him in 1 refers to the knight, in 2 to the Saracen. Because reluctant to part from the flesh. Duessa represents the Pope, who exercised imperial authority in Rome, though the seat of the empire had been transferred to Constantinople in Duessa's story is full of falsehoods.

The knight is allured on by Duessa's assumed shyness. The Reformed Church, weakened by Falsehood, is enticed by doubt and skepticism. With goodly purposes, with polite conversation. This whole stanza refers to Mary's candidacy for the English throne and its dangers to Protestantism. He pluckt a bough. In this incident Spenser imitates Ariosto, Orlando Furioso , vi, 26, in which Ruggiero addresses a myrtle which bleeds and cries out with pain. The conception of men turned into trees occurs also in Ovid, Vergil, Tasso, and Dante. O spare with guilty hands, etc. Cf Vergil's account of Polydorus in Aeneid , iii, 41, in which a myrtle exclaims, Parce pias scelerare manus , etc.

With the Schoolmen, Limbo was a border region of hell where dwelt the souls of Old Testament saints, pious heathen, lunatics, and unbaptized infants. Milton's Paradise of Fools, Paradise Lost , iii, Fradubio, as it were "Brother Doubtful," one who hesitates between false religion and pagan religion, Duessa and Fraelissa Morley. Fraelissa is fair but frail, and will not do to lean upon. Treen is an adj. Supply "as she appeared to be," i. Witches had to appear in their "proper hew" one day in spring and undergo a purifying bath. The old romances make frequent mention of the enchanted herb bath.

The phrase modifies "body," or is equivalent to "while I was drowned in sleep. This well signifies the healing power of Christianity. John , iv, In Spenser's story this well is never found, and the wretched couple are never restored to human shape. How does the knight feel and act while under Archimago's spell? What becomes of Una? How does Archimago plan to deceive her?

Tell the story of the lovers turned into trees. Who was Sansfoy? Describe the appearance and character of Duessa. What did she have to do with Fradubio and Fraelissa? What was the old belief about the penance of witches? How only could the lovers be restored to their human shape? Was it done? Who were St. George, Phoebus, Titan, Tithonius? Explain the reference to Chaunticlere in l. Find examples of alliteration in xix ; of balance in xxxvii ; and of Latinizing in xix ; xxxvi ; xxxviii , and xl. Paraphrase in your own words ll. What figure of speech is used in xiii , xvi , and xx? Study the rich word-painting in the description of sunrise in vii. Find other examples of this poet's use of "costly" epithets.

Scan the following passages: , , , , and Find example of tmesis separation of prep. What is the case of heavens in l. What words are omitted in ll. The Plot: Una wandering in quest of her Knight is guarded by a Lion. With difficulty they gain entrance to the cottage of Corceca and her daughter Abessa, the paramour of Kirkrapine. The latter is killed by the Lion. Fleeing the next day, Una falls in with Archimago disguised as the Redcross Knight. They journey on and meet a second Saracen knight, Sansloy. In the fight which ensues Archimago is unhorsed and his deception unmasked. The Lion is slain, and Una becomes the captive of Sansloy.

Truth is then associated with Hypocrisy under the guise of Holiness, but it is soon unmasked by Lawlessness Sansloy , with which Truth is forced into an unnatural alliance. The battle between Archimago and Sansloy refers to the contests of the Catholic powers with the Moslems. The whole canto also has a hint of the violence and lawlessness connected with the English conquest of Ireland. Line And her due loves, etc. Yet wished tydings, etc. An awkward transposition. Paradise Lost , v. A ramping lyon. According to the ancient belief, no lion would attack a true virgin or one of royal blood. I Henry IV, ii, 4.

The allegory signifies that man guided merely by reason will recognize Truth and pay it homage. Whose yeelded pride, etc. A damzell spyde, Abessa, who symbolizes Flagrant or Secret Sin. In his Present State of Ireland p. Pater nosters, the Lord's Prayer; Aves, prayers to the Virgin. Aldeboran, the Bull's Eye, a double star of the first magnitude in the constellation Taurus. Cassiopeias chaire, a circumpolar constellation having a fancied resemblance to a chair. One knocked at the dore, Kirkrapine, the plunderer of the Church. Spenser represents in him the peculiar vices of the Irish clergy and laity.

This whole passage refers, perhaps, to Henry VIII's suppression of the monasteries and convents in Ulysses, or Odysseus, the hero of Homer's Odyssey , who wandered ten years and refused immortality from the goddess Calypso in order that he might return to Penelope. Note the rhymes deare , heare , and teare air. This 16th century pronunciation still survives in South Carolina. This stanza reads like the description of an Irish wake. Or ought have done, or have done something to displease you. That should as death, etc. And chose in Faery court. See Spenser's letter to Sir W. Raleigh, p.

The constellation Orion was named from a giant hunter who was beloved by Aurora and slain by Diana. Nereus was a sea-god, son of Ocean and Earth. Sans loy symbolizes the pagan lawlessness in Ireland. There is also a wider reference to the struggles between the Turks and the allied Christian powers, which had been going on since the siege of Vienna in George's charmed true cross. Lethe lake, a lake or river of Hades, whose water brought oblivion or forgetfulness to all who drank of it. The exhaustive training of the Bene Gesserit and the intricate relations of the Houses and the Guild would stand as a monumental benchmark for speculative fiction ever since.

This time around I found myself looking more closely at the Harkonnens and will likely read some of Brian Herbert's additions to his fathers great work. This time around I noticed that all of the quotes that begin chapters are from Princess Irulan and I paid close attention to how Herbert crafted these interludes. I also was drawn to the religious undertones that really began very early in the book and how Paul realized his gifts and was preparing for his role in the beginning chapters - all demonstrating Herbert's great narrative skill. Finally, I became more aware of what a great character was Gurney Halleck.

While the ghola of Duncan Idaho dominated the later books, Herbert's creation of Halleck was an enjoyable and thought provoking addition to this masterpiece. View all 88 comments. Shelves: top-one-hundred , fanboy-goes-squee , worldbuilding-sf , transhumanism , sci-fi , top-ten-w-cheats , space-opera. Number I cannot get over how beautiful this book is.

Still my favorite after all these years. It only gets better with every re-read. I shiver when Jessica consoles Chani. I'm awestruck by the peaks and troughs of time, free-will, and the weakness in Paul even as he heroically strives against the evil that is about to be unleashed upon the universe. Easily the number one book I've ever read. It's not just science fiction. It transcends science fiction, as a fascinating discussion of free-will versus inevitability. Can the Jihad be denied? Can Paul ever really avoid his own death, despite seeing every time-line play out with him as the butt of every cosmic joke? Can even cruelty or mercy even remain comprehensible after such knowledge? Yes, I think this work outdoes Nietzsche.

It certainly does a great job of making us care about the question. Is this all? Is this just a work that pays great justice to philosophy of action and inaction? Or is the novel merely a clever play at turning the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle into the physical embodiment of a man? It is that, of course. The Kwisatz Haderach can be many places at once, and he can be both alive and dead at the same time just like that certain cat. Is the novel a coming of age tale, first set as a mirror against his father Leto, only then to mirror the whole universe that had just turned against him? Yes, of course. He was, after all, both the product of all his upbringing and his genes, embodying the question of nature versus nurture.

He was taught within many schools of martial arts and assassins, as well as training the mind in both the schools of the Mentats with their pure logic and that of the mystics, the Bene Gesserit, that allows complete control over the body down to the cellular level. And if this training wasn't enough, he was deeply schooled in politics, leadership, and the meaning of loyalty. The boy was raised right. Of course, that is nothing without ninety generations of genetic bloodline tampering from the Bene Gesserit, right?

To become the fulcrum between cellular memory, tapping the minds and lives of all your genetic ancestors as well as tapping the ability to fold time and space, to become the eye of a storm of time. What a damn brilliant setup for one tiny character, no? His training links to the unlocking of his genes and to the life-extending and enveloping spice, Melange, to make him not merely aware of time in a theoretical sense, but eventually to be unable to discern what was in the past, the present, or the future. Here's a true Super-Man, well beyond Nietzsche.

And don't believe for one second that this serious discussion about what would make a superior man makes for dull reading. We've got PLOT that's probably some of the most exciting and visceral in all of literature, driving us right into the web of intrigue, vengeance, treachery, and galactic politics. To quote the text, we've got "Plans within Plans," and it hardly stops there. We know the House Atreides is falling into a trap laid by the Emperor and House Harkonnen, and yet free-will and pride prevents any chance to avoid it.

The setup is brilliant and extremely political, giving us character sketches of some of the most brilliant and memorable characters of all time. Duke Leto, the Red Duke, the most honorable and beloved leader. Duncan Idaho, the emotional and intuitive hero. Gurney Halleck, archetypal loyalist and troubadour. Lady Jessica, the woman who ought to have had all honor in life, but was unjustly reviled and set aside for political necessity. Chani being both her mirror and her eventual glory. And of course, my favorite character of all time, Paul Muad'dib Atreides, the one that would prevent the greater evils he foresaw, and went to enormous lengths and sacrifice to achieve, but who eventually failed in his task because even a god cannot overcome destiny.

Or the will of so many minds set as one. So damn brilliant. Frank Herbert spent five years writing this treasure, working and reworking it until he published it at age None of his other works come close to this masterpiece, and there's little wonder. It was birthed, fully-formed, like Athena from Zeus's head, with enormous forethought and care. The worldbuilding was just as carefully formed, from the ecology of Arrakis and the life-cycles of the sandworms, to the history and the creation of the Fremen from their mild beginnings as Zensunni Wanderers, adherents to the Orange Catholic Bible, to their history of oppression so like those of those who are Jewish, to their settling and hardening of their bodies and souls in the wastes of Arrakis, also just like the Jewish who carved out a place for themselves in Israel.

Current politics aside, this was a very potent idea before when Herbert wrote this, and indeed, the core is still just as powerful when you turn it back to Muslims. The Galactic culture is rich and detailed. The CHOAM economic consortium, with their monopoly on space travel and their need for the Spice to allow them to see a short period into the future to plot a safe course before folding space. The Empire is caught on a knife's edge between a single power and every other House who sit in the possibility of putting aside all their squabbles for the sole purpose of checking the Emperor, if they so desired.

And Duke Atreides was such a possible popular leader among all the Great Houses, which was the primary reason the Emperor wanted him dead. And of course, we have our Villains. The Baron Harkonnen has always been a crowd pleaser. Brilliant in his own right, devious and able to corrupt anyone with just the right sorts of pressure, including a certain absolutely trustworthy doctor we might mention. The Tooth! Feyd Rautha Harkonnen is especially interesting for the question of nature versus nurture. The Bene Gesserit had intended him to mate with Paul, who should have been Leto and Jessica's daughter, and that offspring should have been the cumulation of ninety years of a breeding experiment to recreate the Kwisatz Haderach which had come about almost by accident during the Butlerian Jihad in the deep past, to overthrow the AI overlords.

He was practically Paul's genetic twin, or at least, his potential to be the "One who can be many places at once" was on par with Paul. But instead of fulfilling the kind of destiny that we get with Paul, we see him grow up under the auspices of his Uncle the Baron, becoming as cruel and devious as he was deadly. He was the argument of nurture in the conversation, of course, and having so very little of it eventually cost him his life. I often wonder about the directions that Dune could have taken, all those little paths in time and circumstance that could have been.

What if Feyd had been brought to Arrakis earlier and overwhelmed with Spice the way that Paul had? Sure, he wouldn't have been able to convert the unconscious changes into conscious manipulation, but he might have had enough glimpses of the future, the way that the Fremen did, to have given him the edge he would have needed to kill Paul. And then there's a relatively minor character, Hasimir Fenring, the Emperor's personal assassin, who was nearly the Kwisatz Haderach, himself.

Unable to breed true, he was still potent enough to be completely hidden to Paul's time-sight in the same way that Paul was hidden from the Spacing Guild's weaker time-sight. His training as a skilled killer was also superior to Paul. He was, by all the hints and tricks in the tale, Paul's perfect downfall. It always gives me shivers to think about, and it was only in a single instant of both recognition and pity from Paul that stayed Fenring from killing our hero.

It was just a moment of whim. The setup was gorgeous. Paul's pity, had it been missing at his moment of greatest triumph over the Emperor, would have meant Paul's assured death. I still wonder, to this day, what stayed Frank Herbert's hand from killing his most wonderful darling. We knew the pressure of religion and politics was going to have its way upon all the oppressed peoples of Dune. The return of a monstrous religious Jihad was going to happen one way or another, sweeping across the galaxy and toppling the Empire, regardless of Paul's frantic plans and desires.

Paul's own death would only mean a higher level of fanaticism, and Frank Herbert's warning against unreasoning devotion would have been made even clearer with Paul's death. Perhaps it was pity that stayed his hand. Who are we to say who lives and who dies? If you really think this review is overlong, then I apologize, but please understand that I could absolutely go on and on much longer than this. It is a symptom of my devotion to this most brilliant of all tales. And yes, it still holds up very, very well after twelve reads. I am quite shocked and amazed. View all 57 comments. Let me start by first apologizing to everyone who loves this classic.

I don't doubt Dune was something special when it first came out in the s. But reading it for the first time today, it feels horribly outdated to me and at times almost incomprehensible. I was warned going into this story that the beginning is extremely hard to understand, but that is an understatement. I could barely follow its scene after scene of dialogue referencing people and places and events, all with no explanation o Let me start by first apologizing to everyone who loves this classic.

I could barely follow its scene after scene of dialogue referencing people and places and events, all with no explanation or context. It literally feels like I was just dropped into the middle of a book, and everything had already been explained elsewhere. But it gets better, right? Well, only somewhat. A narrative does take shape, but the writing style remains confusing and obscure. It manages to be both long-winded and not clear enough, if you can believe that.

Certain obvious points are harped on again and again, but other crucial ones are merely glossed over. Then, when you inevitably miss those important points, they create this cascading effect that keeps you mired in confusion. The writing is also pretentious, with regular or nonsensical things consistently being presented in a profound way. There are plenty of extraneous paragraphs that sound good until you try to discern their meaning, at which point you'd be stumped. This sort of writing really confused me because I couldn't figure out which paragraphs mattered and needed to be dissected carefully to suss out their hidden meaning, and which ones are just adornment.

As for the story itself, it was a complete mismatch with my interests. I like science fiction with lots of real science. Instead, this is a space opera a. It's all political intrigue, melodrama, doublespeak, and who has power over who, which I have zero interest in. I also couldn't care less about how fawningly amazing Paul is and how he is destined to be the chosen one. This was such a frustrating reading experience because it could've been an amazing story. And there were moments in the beginning when I thought it was going in those creative directions. I was riveted during that infamous test in the first scene, only to realize that it was completely irrelevant to the rest of the story.

Or to see where the book could take the scientific aspects of a desert planet and a population with so little water, which it didn't other than a bit of lip service. But the book stubbornly chose to disregard these more interesting avenues, and instead took the most straightforward, boring route of making this into a story about power struggle. Well, we could've saved ourselves the bother and just stayed on Earth for that. Matt You are not alone. Yun Matt wrote: "You are not alone. Makes me happy to know I'm not the only one who fel Matt wrote: "You are not alone.

Makes me happy to know I'm not the only one who felt this way! Sep 27, Jack Edwards rated it it was ok. While the cultural impact of this book is indisputable, I couldn't help feeling incredibly underwhelmed when reading it. Even the plot couldn't save Dune, since it's spoiled at every juncture by 'Princess Irulan' and her epigraphs before each chapter. Did no-one tell her about spoiler alerts? From the very first pages, this book plunges you in at the deep-end with an absurd amount of overly complex world-building, which just makes the book laborious to work through.

It wasn't for me, and the post While the cultural impact of this book is indisputable, I couldn't help feeling incredibly underwhelmed when reading it. It wasn't for me, and the post-Dune reading slump is real. View all 21 comments. Rashid Hussein This review is breaking my heart. I believe you need to give this book another read. Amy I haven't read and lot of si-fi and it took me a while to get into Dune but by the halfway point I was really enjoying it. The book took a turn in par I haven't read and lot of si-fi and it took me a while to get into Dune but by the halfway point I was really enjoying it. The book took a turn in part three and I got so lost, I read the prophet twice and it just wasn't sinking in which was disappointing because I was enjoying most of the book.

In the end I like Dune, I just don't love it. Jun 01, J. People often forget that this series is what innovated our modern concept of science fiction up until Neuromancer and The Martix, at least. Dune took the Space Opera and asked if it might be more than spandex, dildo-shaped rockets, and scantily-clad green women. Herbert created a vast and complex system of ancient spatial politics and peoples, then set them at one another's throats over land, money, and drugs.

Dune is often said to relate to Sci Fi in the same way that Tolkien relates to Fantas People often forget that this series is what innovated our modern concept of science fiction up until Neuromancer and The Martix, at least. Dune is often said to relate to Sci Fi in the same way that Tolkien relates to Fantasy. I'd say that, as far as paradigm shift, this is widely true. Both entered genres generally filled with the odd, childish, and ridiculous and injected a literary sensibility which affected all subsequent authors.

Few will challenge the importance of Star Wars' effect on film and storytelling in general, but without Dune, there would be no Star Wars. It is unfortunate that Lucas seems to have forgotten in these later years that his best genius was pilfered from Herbert, Campbell, and Kurosawa. Though I have heard that the later books do not capture the same eclectic energy as the first, Dune itself is simply one of the most original and unusual pieces of Sci Fi ever written. Read it, Starship Troopers, Ringworld, Neuromancer, and Snowcrash and you'll know everything you need to about Sci Fi: that you want more. View all 42 comments. Ok, my only reference for Dune was the movie with Kyle MacLachlan. And, honestly, it was the main reason I've always wanted to read this book.

Ohmygod look what that fake-looking piece of plastic shit is doing to poor MacLachlan's nose? How was he even able to act with that thing pushing his nostrils to the side of his face? I can't stop looking at it! I remember loving that movie when I was young. I honestly didn't remember much about it other than it was sorta weird, there wer Ok, my only reference for Dune was the movie with Kyle MacLachlan. I honestly didn't remember much about it other than it was sorta weird, there were giant worms, a bunch of people had glowing blue eyes, and Sting was in it. After listening to this audiobook, I decided to rewatch the movie and relive the good times.

Just wow. What in the holy hell did I just watch? Because whatever it was, it certainly didn't have much to do with the actual book. There were some fucking weird changes that they made to the movie that really didn't do anything for the plot. Like that gross dude with the shit in his face that flew around in that goofy air suit? In the book, he's just a fat dude! And that thing they do where they all have drain plugs attached to their hearts? Not in the book, either! Blowing shit up with their voice guns? Bald Bene Gesserits? Bugs with butthole mouths? Mentat's with clip-on eyebrows who drink juice that gives them herpes lips? Captain Jean-Luc Picard going into battle with a pug?

Fuck no! The list goes on and on Not that it should matter. But it does! Because I was expecting something realllyreallyreally different, and if you go into this like me you may end up Having said that, I think the book was definitely better. There was no reason for ass-mouth monsters or oily rock stars in weird rubber underwear. It just makes a lot more sense the way Herbert wrote it.

It's a magic is science tale set in space with an incredibly interesting look at how politics and religion can hold hands with each other and make war babies. I can see why people rave about it. It's honestly an incredibly insightful novel. You know, if you're into that sort of thing A little dense , but worth it. But dense. That's worth saying twice because this thing is massive and you may get lost in it if giant word monsters aren't your jam when it comes to reading. Yoanna I didn't know about the mini-series. I remember reading the next book and what I remember was how Alia got mad, like suuuper crazy. And Herbert made a I didn't know about the mini-series.

And Herbert made a slow decline in insanity and the reader is there for every step of the way. Honestly I don't want to read it again to remember what happens. Maybe if the new movie is successful and they a make a second one maybe that's when I'll read the next book but not untill then. As for the mini-series I might check them out if I have access to them in my country. I'll let you know. I really have to watch that 80s adaptation for the lols if nothing else. Have you seen the new one yet?? But I certainly respected the hell out of it. It tackled stuff that is uncomfortable and therefore is generally handwaved over in the usual SF epics.

And for that I seriously respected this dense complex tome. We people tend to love the idea of a charismatic all-powerful leader who inspires faithful following and true fervor, that cult-like blind devotion. We give those leaders tremendous power to lead and decide and determine fates. So many stories rooted in the weight of our species collective history glorify this; so many countries still apparently yearn for powerful visionary leaders that others proclaim to be dictators. So many religions go to wars over the legacy left by a popular charismatic leader centuries ago, interpreting those legacies as the engine for the action, destruction, obedience. Hero worship. Messianic worship. Prophecies and tyrannies. Desire for a Savior to rescue you from the evil. Good intentions paving the road to hell.

It all leads to terrifying places which we may be powerless to stop. He maintains the level of individuals. Too few individuals, and a people reverts to a mob. The book ends in an ambiguous place, and I presume the sequels may develop the theme or run away from it and make this a more traditional hero journey. But I certainly hope not. Because the dark implications of messianism say more about human nature than the happier stories based on the same idea, but with more idealism. Friends become followers and worshippers, and the metaphorical slope becomes quite slippery.

But Paul, seeing the clouded future that still hung over them, found himself swayed by anger. He could only say: "Religion unifies our forces. It's our mystique. They were all caught up in the need of their race to renew its scattered inheritance, to cross and mingle and infuse their bloodlines in a great new pooling of genes. And the race knew only one sure way for this—the ancient way, the tried and certain way that rolled over everything in its path: jihad. A galactic scale slaughter led by fanatics in his name. And there is not a way to escape it, once your life fits the mysticism of their faith even if the faith and prophecies were stealthily prereplanted for sort of a similar purpose.

Religious fanatics are destined to wage a brutal war that the Messiah is unable to stop. You are always a little less than an individual. But is any of it actually worth it? But that would be Star Wars and not Dune. There is no measuring Muad'Dib's motives by ordinary standards. In the moment of his triumph, he saw the death prepared for him, yet he accepted the treachery.

Can you say he did this out of a sense of justice? Whose justice, then? Remember, we speak now of the Muad'Dib who ordered battle drums made from his enemies' skins, the Muad'Dib who denied the conventions of his ducal past with a wave of the hand, saying merely: "I am the Kwisatz Haderach. That is reason enough. The world is harsh, unforgiving, brutal, hostile. The characters - well, mostly Paul, but to an extent his mother Jessica as well - are cold, calculating, composed and often very unsympathetic. Don't put your trust in revolutions. They always come around again. That's why they're called revolutions. All while sandworms quietly slither under the sand. Hiroto Great, thoughtful and thought-provoking review. Nataliya Hiroto wrote: "Great, thoughtful and thought-provoking review.

Hiroto wrote: "Great, thoughtful and thought-provoking review. Oct 03, carol. Shelves: classic , sci-fi , hugo , nebula , awards. I blame the movie. I never did pick up the classic sci-fi book, assuming the commentary heard abou I blame the movie. I never did pick up the classic sci-fi book, assuming the commentary heard about the movie applied to the book. All that changed when I broke my finger and found myself with a lot of extra time on my hands groan. Besides, sandworms. It begins with the Atreides family preparing to shift their holding from their current home to the planet of Arrakis. The Emperor has given the Atreides the territory and trade on the planet of Arrakis, formerly under control of their enemies, the Harkonnen.

The planet Arrakis is hot, arid and generally hostile to life. There is, however, a small population of native, fierce Freman who have managed to build an existence in the desert. Paul Atreides is the young heir of the family, and mystical testing reveals he might be the one prophesied. Paul undergroes a rapid growth curve, facilitated by his teacher Dr. But it is in the desert that Paul will discover his strength as well as his new people. Seriously, now. Honestly, I have to wonder how much of this like is generational. If Sanderson or Rothfuss wrote this book, two chapters in Dune would have made a whole book, and while detail may have been added, it likely would have made for a book as slow as the movie.

I liked the scope of Dune, and that there is a resolution to the initial conflict. On the downside, it could have perhaps used a bit more transitions, particularly near the end when months at a time are skipped. Writing was solid; nothing really stood out, but it told the story well. And gay? World-building is fun, but standard desert. I love a good hero. Jonathan O'Neill Carol. What in the world are these images?! I could never give Dune five stars because I really struggled to get into the novel in the beginning. It has taken me almost two months to read. This, for me, is a very long time to spend on a book. It took me so long to read because I found the writing style incredibly frustrating.

I had to read whole chapters again so I could get the gist of the plot. I found this very annoying; however, I persevered over my initial despondency towards the writing, and plodded on through the book. Indeed, the story is fantastic, but the writing will always remain unbearable for me. A truly brilliant plot Dune is to science fiction what The Lord of the Rings is to high fantasy; it is the novel that officially, and unarguably, defines the genre. The story begins with the house of Atreides accepting the Dukedom of the planet Dune.

The former Baron has been ousted by the Emperor, and is no longer of consequence. Well, that is how it initially appears. Very early on it revealed that the whole thing is a political ploy to bring the house of Atreides to its knees. The Baron lies in wait, and is ready to strike against the new, and benevolent, approach the Duke uses on the Fremen. The Fremen are the natives of the dessert planet; thus, they know how to survive its harshness above all others.

They do this through their frugal approach to water. They value it above all else, and will never waste a drop in earnest. The Baron Harkonnen, as a chide against the natives, squanders water in the cruellest ways. He, and his dinner guests, throw cups of water on the floor of the dinner hall; it was his tradition. The wasted water was soaked up with towels, which the Baron allowed the Fremen to suck the water out of. When the Duke enters he rejects this custom, and is more respectful to the Fremen way of life. These Stillsuits, quite literally, recycle all the water the body wastes and feeds it back to its wearer.

When he eventually gains the trust of the Fremen they allow him to choose a Fermen name. He calls himself after their most revered prophet: Muad'Dib. They accept this and follow him as their leader. His inherited title of Duke dictates that he is their lord, but their religion determines their real loyalty. He has to, quite literally, fight for every ounce of their trust. Indeed, it does not come cheap, and will only be given to one who is a member of their people. The sleeper must awaken. Consequently, he receives heaps of character development through this book. He goes form boy to the revered leader of a nation.

The Fremen, like Paul, want the evil Baron Harkonnen gone from their planet. They do no want a cruel oppressor who is ignorant to their ways: they want Paul. I think the imagination behind the Fremen culture really is wonderful. They have efficiently adapted to survive their harsh planet. To emphasise this point you need only look at the fact that off-world humans live in fear of the giant Sandworms that infect the planet whereas the Fremen ride them as a coming of age ritual. Indeed, Paul has to ride a worm if the Fremen are to follow him. Deep characters The result of this is a very complex, and intriguing plot. I found the first third of this book to be very perplexing initially.

This is a world we are told about rather than shown at the start. We hear about the Fremen but do not truly understand them till the very end. I was very overwhelmed at the beginning, and in all honesty I do think this novel merits a re-read to further establish my understanding of it. This did affect my rating because it inhibited by enjoyment of the book. But the real universe is always one step beyond logic. His mother is to be the new revered mother of the Fremen people, which for someone of her age is quite remarkable.

As much as I came to like these characters I was still frustrated with the writing of them in the beginning. I found it difficult to read scenes in which up to four characters internal thoughts are portrayed alongside their dialogue. I much prefer a narrative that is focalised through one person. Well, at least one person per chapter. Overall, I thought the idea behind this novel was utterly fantastic. However, my personal reaction to the writing style limited my overall enjoyment of the book.

I do intend to read some of the sequels. However, I do not have any intention of doing so in the near future. Maybe, in a couple of years I will return to the brilliant, and annoyingly written, world of Dune. Also, all of the pictures except the first in my review are from the artwork in this edition. View all 38 comments.