Victorian Factory Worker
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Horrible Histories - Victorian Work Song
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The Law therefore formally established the Victorian workhouse system which has become so synonymous with the era. This system contributed to the splitting up of families, with people forced to sell what little belongings they had and hoping they could see themselves through this rigorous system. The conditions were harsh and treatment was cruel with families divided, forcing children to be separated from their parents. Once an individual had entered the workhouse they would be given a uniform to be worn for the entirety of their stay. The inmates were prohibited from talking to one another and were expected to work long hours doing manual labour such as cleaning, cooking and using machinery.
Meal time at St Pancras Workhouse, London, Over time, the workhouse began to evolve once more and instead of the most able-bodied carrying out labour, it became a refuge for the elderly and sick. More and more people were objecting to its cruelty and by new legislation was introduced which allowed local authorities to take over workhouses as hospitals. The following year, officially workhouses were closed although the volume of people caught up in the system and with no other place to go meant that it would be several years later before the system was totally dismantled. In with the introduction of the National Assistance Act the last remnants of the Poor Laws were eradicated and with them, the workhouse institution.
Whilst the buildings would be changed, taken over or knocked down, the cultural legacy of the cruel conditions and social savagery would remain an important part of understanding British history. Jessica Brain is a freelance writer specialising in history. Based in Kent and a lover of all things historical. The industrial revolution took place between the eighteenth century and the mid-nineteenth century, and changed the landscape and infrastructure of Britain forever…. Clerkenwell Workhouse, This would be the foundation of the principles of the Victorian workhouse, where the state would provide relief and the legal responsibility fell on the parish. Related articles. Timeline of the Industrial Revolution. Charles Dickens. Next article.
They once stood at the centre of new industrial communities influencing the identity of these places and the people who lived and worked within them, and they continue to capture our imaginations today. Well imagine trying to hold a conversation with the thunderous roar of machinery in the background. Workers had to learn to communicate by different means and for some this meant becoming expert lip readers. When the weather is hot, we can pop on an electric fan or open a window to make sure the temperature is manageable. As well as battling the heat and ear-splitting noise, even breathing the air within the mill could have dangerous consequences for the workers. Cotton particles filled the air making breathing them in unavoidable. With nothing in the way of modern day PPE, this put workers at risk of developing a lung disease called Byssinosis.
These harsh and challenging working conditions could also lead to a range of other ailments from eye inflammation to cancer of the mouth. Getting home from work and putting your feet up on the sofa would have been a luxury to a 19th century mill worker. Their living conditions were far from comfortable. Due to the speed at which the industrial revolution progressed, Victorian slum housing was quickly erected to house the mill workers. Often families would all live and sleep together in one room. One contemporary writer discussed the poor living conditions of workers in Manchester, describing how up to 15 people were crammed into damp cellars. It was common in Victorian England for children to be employed as part of the workforce.
Some were expected to work from as young as 4 years old. Orphans and children from poor families would be taken on as mill apprentices. However, these children would be tasked with some of the most dangerous jobs within the mill. They would work 12 hours a day, as well as being exposed to brutal discipline if they made mistakes, were late work or — through sheer exhaustion — were caught falling asleep at their machines. Punishments included beatings, having heavy weights tied around their necks or even having their ears nailed to tables.
Mill owners could fine their workers for something as simple as talking, leaving the room, and in some cases even looking out of the window. Another way to be fined was arriving late to work. It has been suggested that some mill owners would actually change the clocks to catch out unsuspecting workers to make it appear they were late, in order to fine them. A lot of accidents occurred within the last few hours of the workers shift, and unfortunately it was not uncommon for people to lose fingers or even limbs. Many of the jobs involved working closely with huge pieces of moving machinery, which were easy to become entangled in. One young girl, Mary Richards, aged just 9 or 10, was tragically crushed to death when her apron strings got caught in the drawing frame she was working at, dragging her into the machine.
Not all mill owners were tyrants; some were progressive and wanted to create a better working environment for their staff. Many factory owners put profit above the health and safety of their workers. Children and young women were employed in terrible conditions in textile mills and mines. Furnaces were operated without proper safety checks. Workers in factories and mills were deafened by steam hammers and machinery. Children worked in factories. Follow me on Twitter mbarrow. This site uses cookies.
