Imperialism In America

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Imperialism In America



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American imperialism

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The government strengthens merchants in this model. It establishes monopolies, grants tax-free status, grants pensions to favored industries, and it imposes tariffs on imports. Businesses funnel the riches from foreign expansion back to their governments in return. Domestic business taxes pay for continuous national growth and increased political power. Mercantilism is a form of economic nationalism that advocates trade policies that protect domestic industries. Nationalism is a system created by people who believe their nation is superior to all others. This sense of superiority most often has its roots in a shared ethnicity.

Many argue that imperialism is an outgrowth of capitalism. Hobson said that capitalist societies produce too much for their own economies to purchase. Businesses don't pay their workers enough to absorb excess supply. They invest in developing countries and seek to sell their goods and exploit natural resources as a result. Businesses lean on their governments to protect their own interests. Marxist philosopher Vladimir Lenin argued that imperialism was a form of late-stage capitalism. It always led to powerful monopolies that were forced to expand their empires by seizing colonies and creating dependencies to serve as markets, investment outlets, and sources of food and raw materials.

But others argue that capitalism alone doesn't always lead to imperialism. Capitalism occurs when the factors of production —entrepreneurship, capital goods, natural resources, and labor—are not owned by the government. The owners receive income from their property. Capitalism requires a market economy. The market sets prices and distributes goods and services according to the laws of supply and demand. The law of demand says that a product's price rises when demand for it increases.

Competitors increase production when they realize they can make a higher profit. This can also attract more businesses. The greater supply reduces prices to a level where only the best competitors remain. But these competitors won't stay on top in a pure free market unless they continue to innovate and increase efficiency. Several non-capitalistic countries have exhibited imperialism. Communist China forcibly annexed Tibet in to develop its resources, and it sent Chinese volunteers to colonize it. China has also invested billions to extract resources in African nations, taking natural resources in the "partnership" without developing the local communities.

Conrad, Joseph. Coyote Canyon Press, Accessed June 27, Department of State. Library of Congress. Fordham University. Indiana Department of Education. Thurow, Lester C. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. South African History Online. House of Representatives. Library of Economics and Liberty. Table of Contents Expand. Table of Contents. Definition and Examples of Imperialism. How Imperialism Works. Imperialism vs. By Kimberly Amadeo. Learn about our editorial policies. Reviewed by Robert C. Article Reviewed June 29, When Alaska became the 49th state in , it replaced Texas as geographically the largest state in the Union. The war with Spain was swift and decisive. It left the United States exercising control or influence over islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific.

The outbreak of war had three principal sources: popular hostility to autocratic Spanish rule in Cuba; US sympathy with the Cuban fight for independence; and a new spirit of national assertiveness, stimulated in part by a nationalistic and sensationalist press. In a sense, the American seizure of these lands was defensive, pre-empting Germany and Japan. Officially, U. In fact, the United States found itself in a colonial role. It maintained formal administrative control in Puerto Rico and Guam, gave Cuba only nominal independence, and harshly suppressed an armed independence movement in the Philippines. US involvement in the Pacific area was not limited to the Philippines.

The year of the Spanish-American War also saw the beginning of a new relationship with the Hawaiian Islands. When the government of Queen Liliuokalani announced its intention to end foreign influence in , American businessmen joined with influential Hawaiians to depose her. Backed by the American ambassador to Hawaii and U. President Cleveland, just beginning his second term, rejected annexation, leaving Hawaii nominally independent until the Spanish-American War, when, with the backing of President McKinley, Congress ratified an annexation treaty.

In Hawaii would become the 50th state. To some extent, in Hawaii especially, economic interests had a role in American expansion, but to influential policy makers such as Roosevelt, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, and Secretary of State John Hay, and to influential strategists such as Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan, the main impetus was geostrategic. For these people, the major dividend of acquiring Hawaii was Pearl Harbor, which would become the major U. Puerto Rico was an important foothold in a Caribbean area that was becoming increasingly important as the United States contemplated a Central American canal.

The war with Spain revived U. At the turn of the century, what is now Panama was the rebellious northern province of Colombia. When the Colombian legislature in refused to ratify a treaty giving the United States the right to build and manage a canal, a group of impatient Panamanians, with the support of US Marines, rose in rebellion and declared Panamanian independence. Goethals, was a major triumph of engineering. Elsewhere in Latin America, the United States fell into a pattern of fitful intervention. Washington offered a variety of justifications for these interventions: to establish political stability and democratic government, to provide a favorable environment for U. The United States had pressured the French into removing troops from Mexico in In Secretary of State James G.

Blaine proposed that the 21 independent nations of the Western Hemisphere join in an organization dedicated to the peaceful settlement of disputes and to closer economic bonds. Newly established in the Philippines and firmly entrenched in Hawaii at the turn of the century, the United States had high hopes for a vigorous trade with China. However, Japan and various European nations had acquired established spheres of influence there in the form of naval bases, leased territories, monopolistic trade rights, and exclusive concessions for investing in railway construction and mining.