Mao Zedong Contribution
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Mao Zedong Biography
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Party or army building cannot mechanically copy the Chinese experience. Even in third world countries in revolutionary war, there has to be greater fusion or links of the workers with peasants and urban areas with rural areas. Lin Biaoist trends prevail which uphold only the proletariat of the 3 rd word as revolutionary which has to be combated. In the past the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement caused havoc by prematurely calling for a Communist International, in contrary to the approach of CPC and Mao earlier.
We must also refute all tendencies that treat Maoism as an independent entity, and not an integral part of Marxism-Leninism. I hope a further study is undertaken on the aspect of massline, particularly during the Cultural Revolution. I recommend everyone to read their bios or portrayals of Mao. Today in my view the most outstanding or sound analysis from a Marxist perspective on Maoism is made by Chairman Joma Sison..
In the same light I disagreed with the analysis of Scott Harrison. The book illustrates the very subtle aspects of all stages from the pre-revolutionary period to the Cultural Revolution. He covers Revolution in Colonial Countries, Revolutionary War and Military line, Political economy Economic policy and Socialist Reconstruction, Philosophy, Culture and the Superstructure, Continuing the Revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat and why Mao Tse Tung was the greatest revolutionary of his time.
To me of most importance is the chapters on Revolutionary war and military line, Revolution under dictatorship of the proletariat Political economy, Socialist, economic policy and construction, and Philosophy. With the articulation of a sculptor he link successive chapters. Avakian feels that Mao towards the end was unable to check the trend that made the CCP treat the Soviet Union as the greater danger and treat the Chinese Revolution as a virtual prism for all nations to evaluate revolutionary line. Chairman Joma Sison most surgically sums and links all aspects previously unexplored by Mao.
Considered as the first stage in the development of Marxism was the formulation of its fundamental principles and critique of free competition capitalism by Marx and Engels. And the second stage of Leninism was the further development of Marxism by Lenin in the era of modern imperialism and proletarian revolution. Before Mao died, he had achieved all theoretical and practical contributions that he was capable of in order to achieve the third stage in the development of Marxism. But Mao himself cautioned in that it would take another 50 to years to reach that desired goal. He praises every phase handled by Mao, highlighting the great achievements.
However he is critical of the Great debate being deferred ,the compromise with the national bourgeoisie during the Socialist Revolution, the glorifying of the Chins party as being the only correct one , the choice of Lin Biao as a successor and the legalising of revolutionary committees. Snow reflects how red terror methods were deployed as a virtual necessity in the revolution. The books reveal the inner spiritual change of the Chinese people. In the Long Revolution Snow demonstrates how revolutionary democracy penetrated unexplored areas, during the Cultural Revolution. Today there is a most ecclectical trend that derides the significance of the line of protracted war or General line of Communist movement advocated by CPC in This trend treats Gonzalo thought as a higher stage of Maoism.
In spite of his grim errors, and to some extent because of them. To the Chinese, he will remain a titanic figure. At the center of that transformation stood the peasantry-ignored by Western Marxism and despised by urban China, but loved by Mao. The evidence suggests, however, that Mao the Chinese revolutionary had originally seized upon Marxism less a s a goal than a s a useful-and fashionable-weapon. In his guerrilla days, he was inspired less by abstract theories of communism than by the swashbuckling adventures of the Robin Hood-like heroes of old Chinese sagas such as Romance o f the Three King- doms; in the Selected Works, only 4 percent of literary references a r e to Marx a n d Engels, against 2 2 percent to Confucian sources.
Finally, during the last two decades, he broke out of the Soviet harness and endeavoured to pull China up by its bootstraps using revolutionary tech- niaues of unnaralled scope and scale. The problem: weigh- ing the political advantages of wholesale land redistribution against the disadvantages of so alienating the landed classes a s to jeopardize the entire local economy. His outstanding quality was ingenuity a n d resourcefulness. Millions of Chinese died in the various campaigns that Mao pursued after , and millions more suffered injury o r persecution. Endless memorandums went out from his office to the field on how much better i t was to argue a n opponent o r a class enemy, such as a landlord, round to your own way of thinking. That way you would acquire an ally.
But few others in the Communist Party were as persuasive a s Mao on this point. And Mao was a realist. He knew the intensity of the political forces he was unleashing in Chinese society. He knew the grim logic of the kind of revolution he was engaged in and recognized that blood would be shed. The question we might now ask is: Were the results really worthwhile? This is something t h a t the Chinese will come to a conclusion about in their own way.
They had to fight against Nationalist armies as well as the troops of provincial warlords, local bandits and hostile tribesmen. At one point where water was unknown they could survive only by drinking their own urine. Soon after they began their odyssey, the collapse of. Background On China most of the other scattered Communist bases in various parts of China left on the shoulders Of Mao and his colleagues on the Long March the burden of the survival of Communism in China.
The Long March thus changed in character from a desperate retreat to a prelude of victory. Unlike many critiques he expresses how Mao was loyal to Chou till the bitter end. Wilson felt that Chou En Lai paid more loyalty to Mao than anyone else. Great justice was given to the root of the Mao-Lin conflict. Mao was quoted of listing his 10 big struggles over line, including that of the latest Lin Biao. He also portrayed how Mao curtailed his wife, and other members of the gang of 4.
The books are by Marx and Lenin. You do not read books by Marx and Lenin, and you do not read my books. There is no point in seeing me. You have made too many enemies. It is lucky that I am stil around. What will you do after I am dead? I do envy the Chou en Lai marriage. You never implement my instructions. There are over two hundred members in the party Central Commitee,you must talk with them and take action. You must know your own ability People are dissatisfied with you. I am opposed to the gang of four comrades clustering together. Stop slapping hats on others at will. Coverage of important value was given to a meeting of Chairman Mao with Edgar Snow.
Wilson also reported how Mao told Edgar Snow how his personality cult had been exaggerated, but t was very hard to overcome it. The main drawback on writers like Wilson was their unbalanced views on the Great Leap Forward and Great Proletarian Cultural revolution, failing to view or respect the situation Moa and China faced or place it within a Marxist perspective.
Stuart Schram in his biography portrayed how Mao penetrated the hearts of the Chinese people, traversed unexplored regions and created transformation, on an unprecedented scale. He is critical of excesses or methods of terror but praises the creativity of the production methods. Purcell felt Mao took revolutionary democracy to a higher regions than in Russia. He is also critical of CPC looking at future of world revolution only through Chinese experience. Neverthless he praised the building of Communes, the methods of undertaking land reforms the three antis and five antis campaign ,confronting corruption.
It is pertinent that al also make pertinent criticism. Still he was critical of the Great Leap Forward being conducted in a most haphazard way However he complemented Mao for demarcating from the Soviet or Stalinist model and undertaking decentralisation. Amazingly the production doubled from Mao took the Chinese govt. Out of business and controlled the day to day lives of the peasantry. The reason for the substantial growth was that during the Cultural Revolution, Mao reverted to giving priority to rural industrialisation. Local governments were given the right to manage their independent finances. Mao wanted more financial and investment decisions to be made by the local government, not the central authorities. He made factories increasingly self-reliant, subject only to the demands of the party, and the administrative organs of their locality or region.
Central control was not completely dissolved; broad decisions still followed party policies dictated from above. Mao had deep conviction that the bureaucracy entrapped China. He was convinced that corruption had its roots in bureaucratism. Specialized Agricultural Schools were abolished as well as technical training schools. However elementary school enrolment increased from Middle school enrolment grew from in from 9. It enabled peasant youths to gain a better education than would have been done by the earlier policy. Major clashes erupted between the 2 red guard factions. Even when Maoist leaders attempted to contact the various red guard groups to give them personal instruction, they struggled.
The Central govt could no longer control day to day affairs and new rebel factions formed daily. The situation grew more chaotic when revolutionary red guards attempted to seize power in factories, confronting the workers. William Hinton in Monthly Review sum sup ho win essence Mao in every juncture sharpened the weapon of genuine revolutionary democracy. This was a complete distortion of history with the book literally twisting facts. Josepb Ball most effectively countered the lies of Dikottter,hitting back at the very root.
Even more restrained commentators, such as the economist Peter Nolan 5 claim that living standards did not rise in China, during the post-revolutionary period, until Deng Xiaoping took power. Of course, increases in living standards are not the sole reason for increases in life expectancy. However, it is absurd to claim that life expectancy could have increased so much during the Mao era with no increase in living standards.
Yet Jiang persists in seeking out the daughter who will ultimately betray her, longing for affection. This is the figure of the mother familiar to us from psychoanalytic thinking, who continues to shape our actions however much we resist her. The strength of both these novels about moments of communist history is that he makes the visionaries he describes so wholly human. In doing so he undermines the more forthright communists as political thinkers, showing how fully they fail to live according to their own ideals.
This is partly because it yields such rewarding narrative materials, but what makes these novels really interesting is his underlying sympathy with the substance of the vision. He uses his feel for novelistic psychology and family dynamics to breathe rich life into the communist project. The committed communists in his novels are megalomaniacs, all of them, yet they have an allure, if only because they cut through the torpor and bourgeois mediocrity around them. It feels right that in reading this dazzlingly ambitious yet modestly human novel, we should be drawn to them in our turn.
The Sisters Mao review — dazzlingly ambitious yet modestly human. Lara Feigel. Karl Marx at Aaron Bastani picks five books to understand Marxism. Read more.
