Causes Of Salem Witch Trial Hysteria
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The Salem Witch Trials - Mass Hysteria in Massachusetts
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Though the Massachusetts General Court later annulled guilty verdicts against accused witches and granted indemnities to their families, bitterness lingered in the community, and the painful legacy of the Salem witch trials would endure for centuries. In addition, the harsh realities of life in the rural Puritan community of Salem Village present-day Danvers, Massachusetts at the time included the after-effects of a British war with France in the American colonies in , a recent smallpox epidemic, fears of attacks from neighboring Native American tribes and a longstanding rivalry with the more affluent community of Salem Town present-day Salem.
In January , 9-year-old Elizabeth Betty Parris and year-old Abigail Williams the daughter and niece of Samuel Parris, minister of Salem Village began having fits, including violent contortions and uncontrollable outbursts of screaming. After a local doctor, William Griggs, diagnosed bewitchment, other young girls in the community began to exhibit similar symptoms, including Ann Putnam Jr. The three accused witches were brought before the magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne and questioned, even as their accusers appeared in the courtroom in a grand display of spasms, contortions, screaming and writhing.
Though Good and Osborn denied their guilt, Tituba confessed. Likely seeking to save herself from certain conviction by acting as an informer, she claimed there were other witches acting alongside her in service of the devil against the Puritans. As hysteria spread through the community and beyond into the rest of Massachusetts, a number of others were accused, including Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse—both regarded as upstanding members of church and community—and the four-year-old daughter of Sarah Good.
In May , the newly appointed governor of Massachusetts, William Phips, ordered the establishment of a special Court of Oyer to hear and Terminer to decide on witchcraft cases for Suffolk, Essex and Middlesex counties. Presided over by judges including Hathorne, Samuel Sewall and William Stoughton, the court handed down its first conviction, against Bridget Bishop, on June 2; she was hanged eight days later on what would become known as Gallows Hill in Salem Town. Five more people were hanged that July; five in August and eight more in September. Though the respected minister Cotton Mather had warned of the dubious value of spectral evidence or testimony about dreams and visions , his concerns went largely unheeded during the Salem witch trials.
Amid waning public support for the trials, Governor Phips dissolved the Court of Oyer and Terminer in October and mandated that its successor disregard spectral evidence. Trials continued with dwindling intensity until early , and by that May Phips had pardoned and released all those in prison on witchcraft charges. In January , the Massachusetts General Court declared a day of fasting for the tragedy of the Salem witch trials; the court later deemed the trials unlawful, and the leading justice Samuel Sewall publicly apologized for his role in the process.
The damage to the community lingered, however, even after Massachusetts Colony passed legislation restoring the good names of the condemned and providing financial restitution to their heirs in Puritan fear of the devil and non-conformity were the foundation of the trials. Additionally, who is to blame for the deaths in the crucible? For that reason, Abigail Williams is to blame for the deaths of those innocent Puritans who died during the witch hunt. The first reason Abigail Williams is to blame for the deaths of those during the witch hunts is jealousy. Abigail is lustful of John Proctor, which ultimately begins the hysteria in this play. Hysteria is the cause for the growth in the conflict in Salem and causes it to affect the whole town.
In Act One, Abigail's fear of having her name ruined causes her to pretend to know who in the town are witches which she then proceeds to make false accusations. A reference in the county records shows that in , he was arrested and fined for beating a farmhand who died of blood clots associated with the beating. Children were also accused of witchcraft. To identify witches , authorities used the "touching test", in which victims of witchcraft would become calm upon touching the culprit.
No one was burned at the stake in the Salem witch trials. As passed into , the hysteria began to lose steam. The governor of the colony, upon hearing that his own wife was accused of witchcraft ordered an end to the trials. However, 20 people and 2 dogs were executed for the crime of witchcraft in Salem. After many years of uncertainty, the true location of the Salem witch hangings was determined this week. Referred to as Proctor's Ledge, the hanging site was pinpointed as the spot between Proctor and Pope Streets.
Abigail Faulkner is given a temporary stay of execution because she is pregnant. Rebecca Earnes, Mary Lacy Sr. September Giles Corey is pressed to death for refusing to agree to be tried "before God and the Country" i. September Several ministers successfully petition the Court to postpone Dorcas Hoar's execution to give her time to repent. Mary Bradbury has escaped and is not hanged. October 3: The Rev. October Governor Phips writes to the Privy Council of King William and Queen Mary saying that he has stopped the proceedings and referring to "what danger some of their innocent subjects might be exposed to, if the evidence of the afflicted persons only did prevail," i.
October Phips prohibits further arrests, releases many of the accused from prison, and dissolves the Court of Oyer and Terminer. December An act is passed for the establishment of a Superior Court of Assizes and General Gaole Delivery, to convene in January and prosecute the remaining people in custody. January Sarah Wardwell is tried and found guilty. Her two daughters, Sarah Hawkes and Mercy Wardwell, are tried and found not guilty. January Elizabeth Johnson Jr. Mary Black is cleared by proclamation. January Mary Post is tried and found guilty.
Mary Bridges Sr. Thomas Farrar Sr. Lydia Dustin is not released because she is unable to pay her jailer's fees. February Governor Phips writes to England that fifty-three people have already been cleared, failing to be indicted by grand juries or found not guilty at trial, and that he has vacated the death sentences of those who have been sentenced to be executed. A grand jury fails to indict Tituba. January The General Court declared a Day of Contrition for the hysteria and false accusations, for which there was fasting and praying for forgiveness. Abigail Faulkner, Sr. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Archived from the original on When reading primary sources, bear in mind that the legal year in England and the British Empire began on 25 March.
I, DaCapo Press, , pp. II, pp. Retrieved Child-Abuse Lies". Salem witch trials — Timeline People Cultural depictions. William Griggs. Thomas Barnard James Best Jr. James Best Sr.
