Genetic Essay On Non Heritable Traits
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Single Gene vs. Multi-Gene Traits
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As it turns out, telomeres—that's the part of DNA on the tip of each chromosome—could dictate how old we look. According to a study published in Nature Genetics , in which scientists analyzed more than half a million telomeres, those with shorter tips looked, on average, three or four years older than those with normal-length tips. When it comes to deciding between candy and chocolate or chips and French fries, do you always pick the sweet option? If so, you likely inherited this trait from your parents. In , Danish researchers found that people with a variation of the gene FGF21 have a practically incurable, insatiable sweet tooth. They experience cravings and eat more sugar than other people, but they also tend to have less body fat. Sure, that sounds fantastic, but the news isn't all good: People with this genetic sweet tooth are reportedly more prone to high blood pressure.
Brussels sprouts, kale, hoppy beers, and dark chocolate all have a divisive bitterness to them. Chances are, you either love 'em or you hate 'em. If you're in the first camp, you may have a variation of the taste receptor gene TAS2R38 that makes your taste buds less sensitive to bitterness. The minority of the population—about a quarter, according to a report from NPR —has the version of TAS2R38 that makes them more sensitive to bitterness. Skiing and snowboarding can be risky sports—one wrong move and you could wind up with a concussion, a broken bone, or worse.
But the people who do them may be genetically predisposed to taking those risks. What's more, scientists think such folks might not process dopamine as efficiently as others, meaning that they need to take more risks to feel the same level of enjoyment. Truly radical. It turns out that a sunny outlook on life may be an inherited trait. According to a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences , the gene that codes for oxytocin receptors—the cells in your brain that respond to the "love hormone"—displays some definite variations in people who are optimistic and have high self-esteem. These people also reported feeling highly in control of their own lives.
Still, it must be noted that there's rarely a percent correlation between a single gene and a complex personality trait, so this is just one piece of the personality puzzle. According to the same Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences study, those oxytocin receptors that help determine a person's optimism also help determine another positive personality trait: empathy. These people have a variant of three particular genes that's a good predictor for altruism, prosocial behavior, and a greater ability to cope with stress. The good news is that a little more than half the population Ever looked at the sun and sneezed?
Don't worry, though: It's a relatively benign condition—the only symptom is sneezing when you encounter bright light, particularly sunlight. Though scientists still haven't quite figured out what causes it, as revealed in a study in Medical Genetics Summaries , they surmise that the likelihood of " photic sneezing " is genetically inherited. If one of your parents sneezes when they step out into the sun, the hypothesis goes, then you have a percent chance of inheriting this behavior. People who are distrustful are usually that way because of environmental factors—after all, if you've been badly hurt in the past, you're less likely to open yourself up again. However, the disposition to be trusting may be more strongly linked to biology.
A study out of University of Arizona revealed that identical twins showed similar levels of trust when compared with non-identical twins, implying that the difference is likely genetic. You know 23andMe for offering DNA testing kits that can reveal your ancestry and other traits. Recently, though, with their Everest-sized mountain of data, they've begun conducting some proprietary research, too. In a paper published in Nature Communications , scientists—who combed over the genes of nearly 90, individuals—determined that your DNA can dictate whether you're a lark or a night owl.
Your circadian rhythm, or "body clock," essentially tells your body when you're most alert—and when you're not. Researchers have pinpointed 15 genetic variants that can predict where, exactly, you fall on the morning-to-evening spectrum. Everybody sweats , but about 5 percent of the population sweats excessively. This condition is called hyperhidrosis , and, while it's not dangerous, sufferers can find it embarrassing. According to the International Hyperhidrosis Society , profuse perspiration runs in the family.
In fact, even where you sweat may be genetically inherited. For example, people who sweat from the hands and feet are also likely to sweat excessively from their underarms, while people who sweat from the face and chest are also likely to sweat from the back. If you've ever been to karaoke night at a local bar, you'll know that some people have a much greater aptitude for music than others. While environmental factors—the ability to pay for and take lessons, for example—are definitely important, musical ability has a strong genetic influence. According to research published in Frontiers in Psychology , perfect pitch and tone deafness run in families, and some people gain the ability to pick out pitch, rhythm, and sound patterns much faster than others.
You'd better hope that the next person up to the microphone has the right variation of chromosome 4q! In addition to musical ability, your genes might also help determine what kind of music you like. A study conducted by technology company Nokia , in partnership with Kings' College London, showed that genetic influence accounted for about 50 percent of musical tastes.
This relationship was strongest for pop, classical, and hip-hop music, but nearly nonexistent for country and folk music. In other words, folks who love Mozart inherited it from mom and pop, while those who can't get enough Kenny Chesney learned it from mom and pop. Interestingly, the influence of genetics on musical taste appeared to decrease as the subjects aged. You don't need us to tell you that the Western diet—lots of butter, red meat, and pre-packaged or processed foods—isn't exactly good for you. But, according to a study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , the Western diet, when combined with at-risk "genetic predisposition," can heighten the likelihood of developing type-2 diabetes. Oh, and sorry, fellas: The researchers found this only applies to men.
When infants become toddlers, many parents begin to wonder what happened to their sweet little child. The stage at which toddlers become more capable of exploring the world and exerting their will is often called the "terrible twos," and it can sometimes be accompanied by aggressive behaviors: kicking, biting, hitting, and fighting. So even the best parents may occasionally get kicked, bitten, and hit.
The good news is that most children grow out of this phase, particularly if parents respond to this aggression with care. It can be difficult to separate the influence of genetics and the environment when it comes to athleticism. Did Vlad Guerrera, Jr. The true question is not whether athletic ability is a genetically-inherited trait, but exactly how much is due to genetics and how much is a product of environment. According to the U. National Library of Medicine , researchers believe that anywhere from 30 percent to 80 percent of athleticism is due to genetic factors. Even the best marathon runners are slightly different on a genetic level from short-distance speed runners.
Intelligence is a tricky subject, and scientists have been debating the best way to measure it for centuries. According to his article in Scientific American , studies of identical twins show that about 50 percent of differences in intelligence can be chalked up to genetics when intelligence is defined as general cognitive ability. The rest is inherited in the environmental sense—meaning smart parents tend to teach their children habits and skills that will increase their cognitive abilities. Asparagus is an excellent side dish for a healthy dinner, but some people avoid it for a very specific reason: As the human body digests asparagus, it produces sulfur-containing compounds that make the eater's urine smell not so great.
AP Regional State Report Dog fighting is outlawed in all 50 sates, but there are problems preventing it. The pit bull is the main dog breed for fighting in the United States. Some people don't raise these. Padgett, George A. Control of Canine Genetic Diseases. New York, Howell Book House. Around thirty to fourty people die each year from their injuries, and an estimated , are injured badly enough to require plastic surgery or a lot of stitching, according to Polsky.
Most fatal dog attacks involve pit bulls. But Polsky emphasized that this doesn't mean all pit bulls are aggressive inherently. Some pit bulls have been bred for fighting or intimidation, and so they may have more aggressive traits. But studies show that Chihuahuas and Jack Russell terriers are actually the most aggressive breeds, but their size and physical limitations prevent them from killing people, Polsky said.
Each year 16, dogs are killed from organized dog fights. While all 50 states have laws against dog fighting, some are rarely enforced. Many believe there should be stricter penalties dog fights. Although dog fights are illegal in all 50 states, people still find loopholes to continue justifying their horrible actions. Most people involved with this lucrative sport see nothing wrong, just a quick and easy way to make money. A nature faker is an author that has been accused of humanizing animals which he surely was not doing.
Jack London was a great writer that actually understood that animals had feelings way before the technology we have today. This is important because with all this evidence, one can prove anyone wrong if they believe Jack London was a nature faker. Thoreau is contradicting the belief that modern Americans are less intelligent than men in the past. Each generation is unique and has different perceptions, ideas, and people. Thoreau wants us to make the most of what is given to us and put aside all societal expectations. Three-parent babies are human offspring with three genetic parents, created through a specialized form of in vitro fertilization in which the future baby's mitochondrial DNA comes from a third party.
Pit Bulls are ranked as one of the least aggressive dogs, according to the American Temperament Test Society. Pit bulls are one of the most lovable dogs in the world. Pit bulls have many loving homes and family members. That doesn 't mean that there may be a few aggressive pit bulls but most can be nice. The temperament of the dog depends on the owners of the dog and how the dog is. If all of these attacks were random, and there was no justification for them then it would definitely prove his point much better.
He also fails to give statistics. Double could mean from one to two, and a couple hospitalizations could be a very small number. Some of the prices that cost for the Boxers range because it depends on the person that is selling the puppy for adoption. They will need to be brushed once every week, and they need really good nutrition. I love Boxers; however they are not the breed of dog that I want to have. The first puppy mills were built on a capitalistic mindset. Which was to produce as many dogs for the least amount of cost. Many puppy mill farmers had little to no experience with dog breeding and did not provide proper socializing or health care which are crucial in the dog 's first couple of weeks.
Perhaps the scariest part about puppy mills is that society is letting animal cruelty live in the backyards of our nation. According to the Humane Society of the United States, of the estimated 10, puppy mills in the United States, less than thirty percent are actually regulated by the U. Are laws against pit bulls fair? According to BSLcensus.
