Andreas Family Systems Theory

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Family Systems Theory Presentation

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Polarizations develop as parts try to gain influence within the system. While experiences affect parts, parts are not created by the experiences. They are always in existence, either as potential or actuality. Parts that become extreme are carrying "burdens" -- energies that are not inherent in the function of the part and don't belong to the nature of the part, such as extreme beliefs, emotions, or fantasies. Parts can be helped to "unburden" and return to their natural balance.

Parts that have lost trust in the leadership of the Self will "blend" with or take over the Self. SELF Different level of entity than the parts -- often in the center of the "you" that the parts are talking to or that likes or dislikes, listens to, or shuts out various parts When differentiated, the Self is competent, secure, self-assured, relaxed, and able to listen and respond to feedback. The Self can and should lead the internal system. Various levels of experience of the Self: When completely differentiated from all parts Self alone , people describe a feeling of being "centered.

An empowering aspect of the model is that everyone has a Self. GENERAL GROUPS OF PARTS EXILES Young parts that have experienced trauma and often become isolated from the rest of the system in an effort to protect the individual from feeling the pain, terror, fear, and so on, of these parts If exiled, can become increasingly extreme and desperate in an effort to be cared for and tell their story Can leave the individual feeling fragile and vulnerable MANAGERS Parts that run the day-to-day life of the individual Attempt to keep the individual in control of every situation and relationship in an effort to protect parts from feeling any hurt or rejection Can do this in any number of ways or through a combination of parts -- striving, controlling, evaluating, caretaking, terrorizing, and so on.

Look for polarizations: Within individuals Among family members Look for parallel dynamics: The way you relate to your own parts parallels the way you relate to those parts of others. Introduce the language of the model. Check for individual's awareness of parts -- ask how he or she experiences the part: thoughts, feelings, sensations, images, and so on. When working with families, check for the family's awareness of parts in self and others.

Make a decision about how to begin using the model: language, direct access, imagery, and so on. Come to agreement with client on initial goals of therapy in terms of the internal system -- create a "contract. Inventory dangerous firefighters; work with managers' fears about triggering firefighters. Assess client's external context and constraints to doing this work. Individual's internal system affects and is affected by the external system of which he or she is a part. Internal and external systems often parallel each other. Develop a direct relationship with the part. May need to negotiate pace of work -- give the part an opportunity to talk about concerns. Work out a system for the part to let you know when things are moving too fast.

Respect the concerns of the part. Language frees people from seeing themselves and others in extreme ways. One member becomes anxious about a problem or perceived problem in another. Each person becomes an emotional prisoner of the other while giving a pseudo sense of togetherness. When making personal changes, focus attention and have strategies in place to address the family unit. When one person makes a change in the system it will have effects on the other person's role.

Those effects may be subtle or intense, and will create stresses. The goal derived from the family systems theory is to gain differentiation or individuality while maintaining togetherness. Differentiation is our desire to be an individual -- to grow to be an emotionally separate person. Togetherness is also an equally strong force to keep families emotionally connected and operating in "concert"--and these desires are often in conflict.

At one end of the spectrum are people that live in a feeling world. Some however may be so sensitized that they become numb. In general, people at this level are so responsive to others' opinions and what others want from them that their functioning is almost totally governed by their emotional reactions. At the other end are people directed by goals and principles. They have certain characteristics which we can consider emotional goals to strive for:. Not preoccupied with their places in the family hierarchy. Most people wish to be individuals but are not willing to give up togetherness altogether. Sometimes we are only willing to express our individualism to the extent that family members permit or allow it.

Giving up togetherness does not mean giving up emotional closeness. One simply becomes less dependent on the support and acceptance of others. The rejection is designed to restore the balance--regardless of how healthy that previous 'balance' was. Most people have a natural aversion to change, in themselves and others. Consciously planning for this resistance, and tolerating intense emotional reactions, makes us less likely to just give up on enacting change These intense feelings are fed by the "fear of what might be".

Here arises the trap.